Vascular Problems: Hypertension,
Atherosclerosis, PAD, and Venous Disease
Exam LATEST Test and Exam question and
answers latest update 2026 RATED A+
What is the desired blood pressure for individuals over 60 according to JNC 8 guidelines? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Below 150/90 mm Hg.
What is the desired blood pressure for individuals younger than 60 according to JNC 8 guidelines? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Below 140/90 mm Hg.
What are the four control systems that maintain blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
arterial baroreceptor system, regulation of body fluid volume, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, and vascular autoregulation.
What is essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS The most common type of
hypertension that results in damage to vital organs due to continuous blood pressure elevation.
What are common risk factors for essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Obesity,
smoking, stress, family history, and excessive sodium or caffeine intake.
What are some examples of risk factors specific to essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Family history of hypertension, African-American ethnicity, hyperlipidemia, being over 60 years old or
post-menopausal, and being overweight.
What is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension caused by specific
disease states or drugs, with kidney disease being the most common cause.
, What are symptoms of a hypertensive crisis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Morning headaches,
blurred vision, dyspnea, and uremia.
What are the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings that may indicate a hypertensive crisis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Systolic may be > 200 mm Hg and diastolic may be > 150 mm Hg.
What lifestyle changes can help manage hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Weight
reduction, following the DASH diet, reducing dietary sodium intake, and increasing physical activity.
What are key components of hypertension assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS History and
risk factors, physical assessment, psychosocial assessment, and diagnostic tests like urinalysis and ECG.
What physical signs may indicate hypertension during assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Obtaining blood pressure in both arms, orthostatic blood pressure changes, headaches, dizziness,
fainting, and facial flushing.
What diagnostic assessments are used for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Fundoscopic
examination for vascular changes, abdominal bruits for renal artery stenosis, urinalysis, chest x-ray for
cardiomegaly, and ECG.
What are common drug therapies for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ACE inhibitors,
beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors.
What should patients understand about their hypertension treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertension is a chronic illness, and they need to adhere to their treatment plan even when blood
pressure is normal.
What should patients report to their healthcare provider regarding drug therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Adverse effects such as coughing, dizziness, or sexual dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, PAD, and Venous Disease
Exam LATEST Test and Exam question and
answers latest update 2026 RATED A+
What is the desired blood pressure for individuals over 60 according to JNC 8 guidelines? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Below 150/90 mm Hg.
What is the desired blood pressure for individuals younger than 60 according to JNC 8 guidelines? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Below 140/90 mm Hg.
What are the four control systems that maintain blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
arterial baroreceptor system, regulation of body fluid volume, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, and vascular autoregulation.
What is essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS The most common type of
hypertension that results in damage to vital organs due to continuous blood pressure elevation.
What are common risk factors for essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Obesity,
smoking, stress, family history, and excessive sodium or caffeine intake.
What are some examples of risk factors specific to essential hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Family history of hypertension, African-American ethnicity, hyperlipidemia, being over 60 years old or
post-menopausal, and being overweight.
What is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension caused by specific
disease states or drugs, with kidney disease being the most common cause.
, What are symptoms of a hypertensive crisis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Morning headaches,
blurred vision, dyspnea, and uremia.
What are the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings that may indicate a hypertensive crisis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Systolic may be > 200 mm Hg and diastolic may be > 150 mm Hg.
What lifestyle changes can help manage hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Weight
reduction, following the DASH diet, reducing dietary sodium intake, and increasing physical activity.
What are key components of hypertension assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS History and
risk factors, physical assessment, psychosocial assessment, and diagnostic tests like urinalysis and ECG.
What physical signs may indicate hypertension during assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Obtaining blood pressure in both arms, orthostatic blood pressure changes, headaches, dizziness,
fainting, and facial flushing.
What diagnostic assessments are used for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS Fundoscopic
examination for vascular changes, abdominal bruits for renal artery stenosis, urinalysis, chest x-ray for
cardiomegaly, and ECG.
What are common drug therapies for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ACE inhibitors,
beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors.
What should patients understand about their hypertension treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertension is a chronic illness, and they need to adhere to their treatment plan even when blood
pressure is normal.
What should patients report to their healthcare provider regarding drug therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Adverse effects such as coughing, dizziness, or sexual dysfunction.
