Pediatric NURS Comprehensive Exam 100 Correct
Questions and Answers
1. The pediatric patients who develop “unstable” Supraventricular Tachycardia
with Ventricular Tachycardia with pulse should immediate which of the
following treatment?
a) Amiodarone or Procainamide drips.
b) 2-4 J/kg of Unsynchronized Shocks.
c) Intrathoracic Pacing.
d) Synchronize Cardioversion.
Feedback
When an arrhythmia of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) unstable such as
low blood pressure and Hypoxia with Ventricular Tachycardia with Pulse, the
immediate Synchronize Cardioversion is a line of treatment. The intrathoracic
pacing is for the Bradycardia or Bradyarrhythmia. The Amiodarone and
Procainamide drips are for stable Supraventricular tachycardia only. And
Unsynchronized shocks are or pulseless cardiac arrest.
2. A neonate with heart failure is being discharged home. In teaching the
parents about the neonate's nutritional needs, the nurse should explain that:
a) The formula should be low in sodium.
b) Decreased activity level should reduce the need for additional
calories. c) The neonate may need a more calorie-dense
formula.
d) Fluids should be restricted.
Feedback
Neonates with heart failure may need calorie-dense formula to provide extra
calories for growth. Fluids should not be restricted because the nutritional
requirements are based on calories per ounce of formula. Decreasing fluid
intake will decrease calories needed for growth. These neonates may have
limited energy due to their heart condition but have a high caloric need to
stimulate proper growth and development. The sodium level should be at a
normal level to ensure adequate fluid and electrolyte balance unless
prescribed by the primary health care provider.
3. The nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output of an infant with
heart failure who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should use which
most appropriate method to assess the urine output?
a) Weighing the diapers.
, b) Inserting a urinary catheter.
c) Comparing intake with output.
d) Measuring the amount of water added to formula.
Feedback
Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of
blood to meet the oxygen and metabolic needs of the body. The most
appropriate method for assessing urine output in an infant receiving diuretic
therapy is to weigh the diapers. Comparing intake with output would not
provide an accurate measure of urine output. Measuring the amount of
water added to formula is unrelated to the amount of output. Although
urinary catheter drainage is most accurate in determining output, it is not
the most appropriate method in an infant and places the infant at risk for
infection.
4. Which of the following measures would be most effective in helping the
infant with a cleft lip and palate to retain oral feedings?
a) Feed the infant small amounts at one time.
b) Maintain the infant in a lying position while feeding.
c) Place the end of the nipple far to the back of the
infant's tongue. d) Burp the infant at frequent intervals.
Feedback
An infant with a cleft lip and palate typically swallows large amounts of air
while being fed and therefore should be burped frequently. The soft palate
defect allows air to be drawn into the pharynx with each swallow of formula.
The stomach becomes distended with air, and regurgitation, possibly with
aspiration, is likely if the infant is not burped frequently. Feeding frequently,
even in small amounts, would not prevent swallowing of large amounts of
air. A nipple placed in the back of the mouth is likely to cause the infant to
gag and aspirate. Holding the infant in a lying position during feedings can
also lead to regurgitation and aspiration of formula. The infant should be fed
in an upright position.
5. An 8-month-old infant is seen in the well-child clinic for a routine checkup.
The nurse should expect the infant to be able to do which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a) Say “mama” and “dada” with specific meaning.
b) Feed self with a spoon.
c) Walk
independently. d)
Play peek-a-boo.
e) Stack two blocks.
,f) Transfer object from hand to hand.
, Feedback
Typical abilities demonstrated by 8-month-old infants include playing peek-
a-boo and transferring objects from one hand to another. The ability to say
“dada” and “mama” is more typical of 10-month-old infants. Infants usually
are at least 12 months old when they achieve the ability to walk
independently. Infants who are 15 months old commonly can feed
themselves with a spoon and stack two blocks.
6. The nurse caring for a child who sustained a burn injury plans care based on
which pediatric considerations associated with this injury? Select all that
apply.
a) Infants and young children are at increased risk for protein and calorie
deficiency, because they have smaller muscle mass and less body fat
than adults.
b) Scarring is less severe in a child than in an adult.
c) Fluid resuscitation is unnecessary unless the burned area is more
than 25% of the total body surface area.
d) The lower proportion of body fluid to body mass in a child increases
the risk of cardiovascular problems.
e) A delay in growth may occur after a burn injury.
f) An immature immune system presents an increased risk of infection
for infants and young children.
Feedback
Pediatric considerations in the care of a burn victim include the following:
Scarring is more severe in a child than in an adult. A delay in growth may
occur after a burn injury. An immature immune system presents an
increased risk of infection for infants and young children. The higher
proportion of body fluid to body mass in a child increases the risk of
cardiovascular problems. Burns involving more than 10% of total body
surface area require some form of fluid resuscitation. Infants and young
children are at increased risk for protein and calorie deficiencies because
they have smaller muscle mass and less body fat than adults.
7. A 16-month-old child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) is very irritable,
refuses to eat, and exhibits peeling skin on the hands and feet. The nurse
should do which of the following first?
a) Apply lotion to the hands and feet.
b) Place the toddler in a quiet environment.
c) Encourage the parents to get some rest.
d) Offer foods the toddler likes.
Feedback
Questions and Answers
1. The pediatric patients who develop “unstable” Supraventricular Tachycardia
with Ventricular Tachycardia with pulse should immediate which of the
following treatment?
a) Amiodarone or Procainamide drips.
b) 2-4 J/kg of Unsynchronized Shocks.
c) Intrathoracic Pacing.
d) Synchronize Cardioversion.
Feedback
When an arrhythmia of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) unstable such as
low blood pressure and Hypoxia with Ventricular Tachycardia with Pulse, the
immediate Synchronize Cardioversion is a line of treatment. The intrathoracic
pacing is for the Bradycardia or Bradyarrhythmia. The Amiodarone and
Procainamide drips are for stable Supraventricular tachycardia only. And
Unsynchronized shocks are or pulseless cardiac arrest.
2. A neonate with heart failure is being discharged home. In teaching the
parents about the neonate's nutritional needs, the nurse should explain that:
a) The formula should be low in sodium.
b) Decreased activity level should reduce the need for additional
calories. c) The neonate may need a more calorie-dense
formula.
d) Fluids should be restricted.
Feedback
Neonates with heart failure may need calorie-dense formula to provide extra
calories for growth. Fluids should not be restricted because the nutritional
requirements are based on calories per ounce of formula. Decreasing fluid
intake will decrease calories needed for growth. These neonates may have
limited energy due to their heart condition but have a high caloric need to
stimulate proper growth and development. The sodium level should be at a
normal level to ensure adequate fluid and electrolyte balance unless
prescribed by the primary health care provider.
3. The nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output of an infant with
heart failure who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should use which
most appropriate method to assess the urine output?
a) Weighing the diapers.
, b) Inserting a urinary catheter.
c) Comparing intake with output.
d) Measuring the amount of water added to formula.
Feedback
Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of
blood to meet the oxygen and metabolic needs of the body. The most
appropriate method for assessing urine output in an infant receiving diuretic
therapy is to weigh the diapers. Comparing intake with output would not
provide an accurate measure of urine output. Measuring the amount of
water added to formula is unrelated to the amount of output. Although
urinary catheter drainage is most accurate in determining output, it is not
the most appropriate method in an infant and places the infant at risk for
infection.
4. Which of the following measures would be most effective in helping the
infant with a cleft lip and palate to retain oral feedings?
a) Feed the infant small amounts at one time.
b) Maintain the infant in a lying position while feeding.
c) Place the end of the nipple far to the back of the
infant's tongue. d) Burp the infant at frequent intervals.
Feedback
An infant with a cleft lip and palate typically swallows large amounts of air
while being fed and therefore should be burped frequently. The soft palate
defect allows air to be drawn into the pharynx with each swallow of formula.
The stomach becomes distended with air, and regurgitation, possibly with
aspiration, is likely if the infant is not burped frequently. Feeding frequently,
even in small amounts, would not prevent swallowing of large amounts of
air. A nipple placed in the back of the mouth is likely to cause the infant to
gag and aspirate. Holding the infant in a lying position during feedings can
also lead to regurgitation and aspiration of formula. The infant should be fed
in an upright position.
5. An 8-month-old infant is seen in the well-child clinic for a routine checkup.
The nurse should expect the infant to be able to do which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a) Say “mama” and “dada” with specific meaning.
b) Feed self with a spoon.
c) Walk
independently. d)
Play peek-a-boo.
e) Stack two blocks.
,f) Transfer object from hand to hand.
, Feedback
Typical abilities demonstrated by 8-month-old infants include playing peek-
a-boo and transferring objects from one hand to another. The ability to say
“dada” and “mama” is more typical of 10-month-old infants. Infants usually
are at least 12 months old when they achieve the ability to walk
independently. Infants who are 15 months old commonly can feed
themselves with a spoon and stack two blocks.
6. The nurse caring for a child who sustained a burn injury plans care based on
which pediatric considerations associated with this injury? Select all that
apply.
a) Infants and young children are at increased risk for protein and calorie
deficiency, because they have smaller muscle mass and less body fat
than adults.
b) Scarring is less severe in a child than in an adult.
c) Fluid resuscitation is unnecessary unless the burned area is more
than 25% of the total body surface area.
d) The lower proportion of body fluid to body mass in a child increases
the risk of cardiovascular problems.
e) A delay in growth may occur after a burn injury.
f) An immature immune system presents an increased risk of infection
for infants and young children.
Feedback
Pediatric considerations in the care of a burn victim include the following:
Scarring is more severe in a child than in an adult. A delay in growth may
occur after a burn injury. An immature immune system presents an
increased risk of infection for infants and young children. The higher
proportion of body fluid to body mass in a child increases the risk of
cardiovascular problems. Burns involving more than 10% of total body
surface area require some form of fluid resuscitation. Infants and young
children are at increased risk for protein and calorie deficiencies because
they have smaller muscle mass and less body fat than adults.
7. A 16-month-old child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) is very irritable,
refuses to eat, and exhibits peeling skin on the hands and feet. The nurse
should do which of the following first?
a) Apply lotion to the hands and feet.
b) Place the toddler in a quiet environment.
c) Encourage the parents to get some rest.
d) Offer foods the toddler likes.
Feedback
