Clin Nurse Leader Questions and
answers updated 2026
GapDAnalysisD-
DAnswerComparesDACTUALDperformanceDwithDPOTENTIAL/desiredDperformanceD
EvaluatesDtheDstrengthsDandDweaknessesDofDtheDteamDinDrelationDtoDrequiredDoutcomesD
ADgoodDtoolDforDanalysisDtoDgainDbetterDunderstandingDofDtheDteam'sDfunctioning
3DphasesDofDknowledgeDtransferDwhenDusingDEBPD-
DAnswer1.DKnowledgeDcreationDandDdistillationD(researchDandDrecommendationsDforDclinicalD
practice)
2.DDiffusionDandDDisseminationD(distributeDinfoDtoDusers,DpartnerDwithDorganizationsDlikeDpr
ofessionalDnursingDorgs)
3.DImplementationDandDInstitutionalizationD(endDuserDadoptionD-
DhealthDcareDsystemsDadoptDpractices)
ExamplesDofDrestrainingDforcesDinDLewin'sDChangeDtheoryD-
DAnswerworkDagainstDtheDdrivingDforcesDtoDinhibitDchange
example:DwantDtoDquitDsmokingDbutDliveDwithDpeopleDwhoDsmokeDsoDhardDtoDquitDinDthat
DlivingDsituation
ExamplesDofDdrivingDforcesDforDLewin'sDchangeDtheoryD-
DAnswerfactorsDthatDsupportDchangeDorDpushDpatientDtowardsDnecessaryDchangesD
suchDasDtheDdriveDtoDquitDsmokingDtoDbreatheDeasier
Peplau'sDTheoryDofDInterpersonalDRelationsD-
DAnswerfocusesDonDrelationshipDbetweenDpatientDandDnurse
4Dphases:D
1.DOrientationD-
DseeksDhelpDthroughDappts,Dtreatment,Detc.DforDRNDtoDdetermineDpatientsDneedDforDassista
nceD
2.DIdentificationD-DhelpDidentifyDwhoDcanDhelp,DsetDgoalsDofDcareD
3.DExploitationD-DreceivesDcareDfromDrN
,4.DResolutionD-DcareDisDcompleted
TotalDpatientDcare.D-
DAnswerOneDnurseDisDresponsibleDforDplanning,DorganizingDandDdeliveryDofDcareDtoDa
particularDclientDorDgroupDofDclientsDduringDtheDassignedDshift
PrimaryDnursingD-
DAnsweraDmethodDofDcareDinDwhichDtheDsameDRNDassignedDtoDsameDpatientDoverDtime;Da
ssumesD24DhourDresponsibilityDforDplanning,Ddirecting,DandDevaluating
clientDcareDfromDtheDtimeDofDadmissionDthroughDdischarge
teamDnursingD-
DAnsweraDnursingDcareDpattern;DaDteamDofDnursingDstaffDisDledDbyDanDRNDwhoDdecidesDth
eDamountDandDkindDofDcareDeachDpersonDneedsD-
DeachDmemberDresponsibleDforDcertainDcaresDsuchDasDADLsDorDmeds
EachDteamDmemberDisDableDtoDcontributeDtheirDownDspecialDexpertiseDorDskillsDcaringDforD
theDclientD
ContinuityDofDcareDmayDsufferDifDdailyDassignmentDofDteamDvariesDandDclientDisDexposedDt
o
manyDdifferentDcaregivers.
relativeDriskD-
DAnswerusedDwhenDtheDstudyDinvolvesDcomparingDtheDlikelihood,DorDchance,DofDanDeventD
occurringDbetweenDtwoDgroups
ratioDofDtheDabsoluteDriskDofDaDdiseaseDamongDtheDexposedDgroupDtoDtheDabsoluteDriskDo
fDtheDdiseaseDamongDtheDunexposedDgroupDinDanDepidemiologicDstudy
confidenceDintervalD-
DAnswertheDrangeDofDvaluesDwithinDwhichDaDpopulationDparameterDisDestimatedDtoDlieDbas
edDonDaDrandomDsampleDofDtheDpopulation.D
TheDmostDcommonDintervalDisDtheD95%DconfidenceDinterval.DItDrepresentsDtheDrangeDthatD
oneDcanDbeD95%DconfidentDthatDtheDpopulationDparameterDlies.
confoundingD-
DAnswerdistortionDinDtheDdegreeDofDassociationDbecauseDresearcherDfailedDtoDcontrol,DorDeli
minateDtheDconfoundingDvariable,DdamagingDtheDinternalDvalidityDofDanDexperiment.
,occursDwhenDtwoDvariablesDareDassociatedDinDsuchDaDwayDthatDtheirDeffectsDonDaDrespons
eDvariableDcannotDbeDdistinguishedDfromDeachDother
internalDvalidityD-
DAnswerextentDtoDwhichDaDpieceDofDevidenceDsupportsDaDclaimDaboutDcauseDandDeffectD&
DdegreeDtoDwhichDtheDresultsDofDaDstudyDareDnotDdueDtoDbiasDorDconfounding
ExternalDvalidityD-
DAnswertheDdegreeDtoDwhichDtheDresultsDofDtheDoriginalDstudyDareDapplicableDtoDaDpopula
tionDotherDthanDtheDoneDinitiallyDtargetedD=Dgeneralizability
AnDoralDglucoseDtoleranceDtestD(OGTT)DmeasuresD-
DAnsweryourDbloodDsugarDafterDyouDhaveDgoneDatDleastDeightDhoursDwithoutDeatingDandDt
woDhoursDafterDyouDdrinkDaDglucose-
containingDbeverage.DThisDtestDcanDbeDusedDtoDdiagnoseDdiabetesDorDprediabetes.
OralDGlucoseDToleranceDTestD(OGTT)DresultDofD150DmeansDwhat?D
A.DBasedDonDaDvalueDgreaterDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDpatientDshouldDhaveD3-hourD100-
gDOGTT
withinD1Dweek.
B.DTheDresultsDareDwithinDnormalDlimitsDandDdoDnotDmeetDtheDthresholdDforDtheDdiagnosis
DofDgestationalDdiabetes.
C.DADfastingDbloodDsugarDshouldDbeDcheckedDasDsoonDasDpossible.
D.DBasedDonDthisDabnormalDvalue,DtheD3-hourDOGTTDisDnotDrequired.D-
DAnswerA.DBasedDonDaDvalueDgreaterDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDpatientDshouldDhaveD3-
hourD100-gDOGTT
withinD1Dweek.
Rationale:DIfDyourDbloodDglucoseDisDhigherDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDnextDstepDisDtheDoralD3-
hourDglucoseDtoleranceDtest.DThisDtestDwillDdetermineDifDyouDhaveDgestationalDdiabetes.
AfterDperformingDtheDliteratureDreviewDandDdevelopingDaDPICOTDquestion,DwhatDshouldDyou
DdoDnextDbeforeDimplementation?
A.DFormDaDteamDofDstakeholders
B.DDevelopDaDcomparisonDgroup
C.DTalkDtoDtheDmanager
D.DStartDtheDimplementationDprocessD-DAnswerA.DFormDaDteamDofDstakeholders
, Rationale:DAfterDperformingDtheDliteratureDreviewDandDdevelopingDaDPICOTDquestion,DyouDsh
ouldDcreateDaDteamDofDstakeholdersDtoDensureDtheDinterventionDhasDtheDappropriateDresou
rcesDtoDmakeDtheDstudyDsuccessful.
PtDhasDaDbloodDsugarDofD58DwithDheadacheDandDblurryDvision.
WhichDofDtheDfollowingDinterventionsDisDappropriateDforDtheDnurseDtoDtellDtheDCNL?
A.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhyperglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDaDproteinDsnack.
B.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhyperglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDinsulinDandD1DcupDofD
milk.
C.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDinsulinDandD1DcupDofDo
rangeDjuice.DD.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenD1DcupDofDs
kimDmilk.D-
DAnswerD.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenD1DcupDofDskimD
milk.
Rationale:DTheDpatient'sDfastingDbloodDsugarDisDbelowD60Dmm/dLDandDisDsymptomatic.DShe
DmustDbeDtreatedDforDhypoglycemiaDbyDdrinkingD1DcupDofDskimDmilk,DorD1⁄2DcupDofDjuice,
DorD1⁄2DcupDofDsoftDdrink.
AsDaDtrialDCNL,DwhoseDbuy-
inDwillDbeDtheDmostDimportantDinDfullyDimplementingDtheDCNLDroleDinDtheDhospital?
A.DTheDchiefDnursingDofficerD(CNO)
B.DTheDunitDmanager
C.DTheDmembersDofDtheDinterdisciplinaryDteamD
D.DTheDstaffDaffectedDbyDyourDoutcomesD-DAnswerTheDchiefDnursingDofficerD(CNO)
CNODwillDhaveDtheDmostDinfluenceDinDyourDhospital
Orem'sDselfDcareDdeficitDtheoryD-
DAnswerTheDnurse'sDactionsDareDdirectedDtowardDassistingDtheDpatientDtoDassumeDresponsib
ilityDforDself-careD&DbasedDonDtheDpremiseDthatDallDindividualsDareDcapableDofDself-care
1stDstep:DidentifyingDandDprioritizingDtheDclient'sDunmetDself-careDneedsD(deficits).
2ndDstep:DselectingDmethodsDofDassistingDtheDclientDtoDcompensateDforDorDovercomeDhisDs
elf-careDdeficits.
answers updated 2026
GapDAnalysisD-
DAnswerComparesDACTUALDperformanceDwithDPOTENTIAL/desiredDperformanceD
EvaluatesDtheDstrengthsDandDweaknessesDofDtheDteamDinDrelationDtoDrequiredDoutcomesD
ADgoodDtoolDforDanalysisDtoDgainDbetterDunderstandingDofDtheDteam'sDfunctioning
3DphasesDofDknowledgeDtransferDwhenDusingDEBPD-
DAnswer1.DKnowledgeDcreationDandDdistillationD(researchDandDrecommendationsDforDclinicalD
practice)
2.DDiffusionDandDDisseminationD(distributeDinfoDtoDusers,DpartnerDwithDorganizationsDlikeDpr
ofessionalDnursingDorgs)
3.DImplementationDandDInstitutionalizationD(endDuserDadoptionD-
DhealthDcareDsystemsDadoptDpractices)
ExamplesDofDrestrainingDforcesDinDLewin'sDChangeDtheoryD-
DAnswerworkDagainstDtheDdrivingDforcesDtoDinhibitDchange
example:DwantDtoDquitDsmokingDbutDliveDwithDpeopleDwhoDsmokeDsoDhardDtoDquitDinDthat
DlivingDsituation
ExamplesDofDdrivingDforcesDforDLewin'sDchangeDtheoryD-
DAnswerfactorsDthatDsupportDchangeDorDpushDpatientDtowardsDnecessaryDchangesD
suchDasDtheDdriveDtoDquitDsmokingDtoDbreatheDeasier
Peplau'sDTheoryDofDInterpersonalDRelationsD-
DAnswerfocusesDonDrelationshipDbetweenDpatientDandDnurse
4Dphases:D
1.DOrientationD-
DseeksDhelpDthroughDappts,Dtreatment,Detc.DforDRNDtoDdetermineDpatientsDneedDforDassista
nceD
2.DIdentificationD-DhelpDidentifyDwhoDcanDhelp,DsetDgoalsDofDcareD
3.DExploitationD-DreceivesDcareDfromDrN
,4.DResolutionD-DcareDisDcompleted
TotalDpatientDcare.D-
DAnswerOneDnurseDisDresponsibleDforDplanning,DorganizingDandDdeliveryDofDcareDtoDa
particularDclientDorDgroupDofDclientsDduringDtheDassignedDshift
PrimaryDnursingD-
DAnsweraDmethodDofDcareDinDwhichDtheDsameDRNDassignedDtoDsameDpatientDoverDtime;Da
ssumesD24DhourDresponsibilityDforDplanning,Ddirecting,DandDevaluating
clientDcareDfromDtheDtimeDofDadmissionDthroughDdischarge
teamDnursingD-
DAnsweraDnursingDcareDpattern;DaDteamDofDnursingDstaffDisDledDbyDanDRNDwhoDdecidesDth
eDamountDandDkindDofDcareDeachDpersonDneedsD-
DeachDmemberDresponsibleDforDcertainDcaresDsuchDasDADLsDorDmeds
EachDteamDmemberDisDableDtoDcontributeDtheirDownDspecialDexpertiseDorDskillsDcaringDforD
theDclientD
ContinuityDofDcareDmayDsufferDifDdailyDassignmentDofDteamDvariesDandDclientDisDexposedDt
o
manyDdifferentDcaregivers.
relativeDriskD-
DAnswerusedDwhenDtheDstudyDinvolvesDcomparingDtheDlikelihood,DorDchance,DofDanDeventD
occurringDbetweenDtwoDgroups
ratioDofDtheDabsoluteDriskDofDaDdiseaseDamongDtheDexposedDgroupDtoDtheDabsoluteDriskDo
fDtheDdiseaseDamongDtheDunexposedDgroupDinDanDepidemiologicDstudy
confidenceDintervalD-
DAnswertheDrangeDofDvaluesDwithinDwhichDaDpopulationDparameterDisDestimatedDtoDlieDbas
edDonDaDrandomDsampleDofDtheDpopulation.D
TheDmostDcommonDintervalDisDtheD95%DconfidenceDinterval.DItDrepresentsDtheDrangeDthatD
oneDcanDbeD95%DconfidentDthatDtheDpopulationDparameterDlies.
confoundingD-
DAnswerdistortionDinDtheDdegreeDofDassociationDbecauseDresearcherDfailedDtoDcontrol,DorDeli
minateDtheDconfoundingDvariable,DdamagingDtheDinternalDvalidityDofDanDexperiment.
,occursDwhenDtwoDvariablesDareDassociatedDinDsuchDaDwayDthatDtheirDeffectsDonDaDrespons
eDvariableDcannotDbeDdistinguishedDfromDeachDother
internalDvalidityD-
DAnswerextentDtoDwhichDaDpieceDofDevidenceDsupportsDaDclaimDaboutDcauseDandDeffectD&
DdegreeDtoDwhichDtheDresultsDofDaDstudyDareDnotDdueDtoDbiasDorDconfounding
ExternalDvalidityD-
DAnswertheDdegreeDtoDwhichDtheDresultsDofDtheDoriginalDstudyDareDapplicableDtoDaDpopula
tionDotherDthanDtheDoneDinitiallyDtargetedD=Dgeneralizability
AnDoralDglucoseDtoleranceDtestD(OGTT)DmeasuresD-
DAnsweryourDbloodDsugarDafterDyouDhaveDgoneDatDleastDeightDhoursDwithoutDeatingDandDt
woDhoursDafterDyouDdrinkDaDglucose-
containingDbeverage.DThisDtestDcanDbeDusedDtoDdiagnoseDdiabetesDorDprediabetes.
OralDGlucoseDToleranceDTestD(OGTT)DresultDofD150DmeansDwhat?D
A.DBasedDonDaDvalueDgreaterDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDpatientDshouldDhaveD3-hourD100-
gDOGTT
withinD1Dweek.
B.DTheDresultsDareDwithinDnormalDlimitsDandDdoDnotDmeetDtheDthresholdDforDtheDdiagnosis
DofDgestationalDdiabetes.
C.DADfastingDbloodDsugarDshouldDbeDcheckedDasDsoonDasDpossible.
D.DBasedDonDthisDabnormalDvalue,DtheD3-hourDOGTTDisDnotDrequired.D-
DAnswerA.DBasedDonDaDvalueDgreaterDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDpatientDshouldDhaveD3-
hourD100-gDOGTT
withinD1Dweek.
Rationale:DIfDyourDbloodDglucoseDisDhigherDthanD140Dmg/dL,DtheDnextDstepDisDtheDoralD3-
hourDglucoseDtoleranceDtest.DThisDtestDwillDdetermineDifDyouDhaveDgestationalDdiabetes.
AfterDperformingDtheDliteratureDreviewDandDdevelopingDaDPICOTDquestion,DwhatDshouldDyou
DdoDnextDbeforeDimplementation?
A.DFormDaDteamDofDstakeholders
B.DDevelopDaDcomparisonDgroup
C.DTalkDtoDtheDmanager
D.DStartDtheDimplementationDprocessD-DAnswerA.DFormDaDteamDofDstakeholders
, Rationale:DAfterDperformingDtheDliteratureDreviewDandDdevelopingDaDPICOTDquestion,DyouDsh
ouldDcreateDaDteamDofDstakeholdersDtoDensureDtheDinterventionDhasDtheDappropriateDresou
rcesDtoDmakeDtheDstudyDsuccessful.
PtDhasDaDbloodDsugarDofD58DwithDheadacheDandDblurryDvision.
WhichDofDtheDfollowingDinterventionsDisDappropriateDforDtheDnurseDtoDtellDtheDCNL?
A.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhyperglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDaDproteinDsnack.
B.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhyperglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDinsulinDandD1DcupDofD
milk.
C.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenDinsulinDandD1DcupDofDo
rangeDjuice.DD.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenD1DcupDofDs
kimDmilk.D-
DAnswerD.DTheDpatientDisDexperiencingDhypoglycemiaDandDshouldDbeDgivenD1DcupDofDskimD
milk.
Rationale:DTheDpatient'sDfastingDbloodDsugarDisDbelowD60Dmm/dLDandDisDsymptomatic.DShe
DmustDbeDtreatedDforDhypoglycemiaDbyDdrinkingD1DcupDofDskimDmilk,DorD1⁄2DcupDofDjuice,
DorD1⁄2DcupDofDsoftDdrink.
AsDaDtrialDCNL,DwhoseDbuy-
inDwillDbeDtheDmostDimportantDinDfullyDimplementingDtheDCNLDroleDinDtheDhospital?
A.DTheDchiefDnursingDofficerD(CNO)
B.DTheDunitDmanager
C.DTheDmembersDofDtheDinterdisciplinaryDteamD
D.DTheDstaffDaffectedDbyDyourDoutcomesD-DAnswerTheDchiefDnursingDofficerD(CNO)
CNODwillDhaveDtheDmostDinfluenceDinDyourDhospital
Orem'sDselfDcareDdeficitDtheoryD-
DAnswerTheDnurse'sDactionsDareDdirectedDtowardDassistingDtheDpatientDtoDassumeDresponsib
ilityDforDself-careD&DbasedDonDtheDpremiseDthatDallDindividualsDareDcapableDofDself-care
1stDstep:DidentifyingDandDprioritizingDtheDclient'sDunmetDself-careDneedsD(deficits).
2ndDstep:DselectingDmethodsDofDassistingDtheDclientDtoDcompensateDforDorDovercomeDhisDs
elf-careDdeficits.
