Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 -
Exam 1 (2026 updated) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully
solved
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Terms in this set (131)
Drug a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and
a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
strong bases
what are the four things that the 1. absorbs it
body does to a drug? 2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't
have MOA in the stomach or GI tract, the body
distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
,Describe absorption drugs that are given orally have to get out of the
gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through
cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility
for the drug to pass through the cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid
solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
does not have to pass through the
cell membrane?
What are the four mechanisms of 1. simple diffusion
transport across the cell membrane? 2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
Simple diffusion - what has to be -drug has to be lipid soluble
true? -there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be
very water soluble - these two properties balance
each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is
it is able to be transported by simple not highly water soluble it will need to bind to a
diffusion, what will happen once it carrier protein to be transported throughout the
crosses the cell membrane? circulation
What are the channels in Channel channels are two groups of proteins on each side
mediated transport that create a pore in the cell membrane
, how does channel mediated there are two groups of proteins on each side that
transport work? create a pore in the cell membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the
water soluble drug can go through and the protein
walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid
bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport -there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface
work? of the cell membrane that fits the drug that is trying
to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between
the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation
change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the
open side of the protein is now on the opposite
side and the drug is transported to the other side
of the cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein
accepts the drug, then flips, orienting the open
side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell
membrane
what are the three types of passive simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-
transport mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble lipid soluble
drug get absorbed more quickly?
Exam 1 (2026 updated) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully
solved
Save
Terms in this set (131)
Drug a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and
a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
strong bases
what are the four things that the 1. absorbs it
body does to a drug? 2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't
have MOA in the stomach or GI tract, the body
distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
,Describe absorption drugs that are given orally have to get out of the
gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through
cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility
for the drug to pass through the cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid
solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
does not have to pass through the
cell membrane?
What are the four mechanisms of 1. simple diffusion
transport across the cell membrane? 2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
Simple diffusion - what has to be -drug has to be lipid soluble
true? -there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be
very water soluble - these two properties balance
each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is
it is able to be transported by simple not highly water soluble it will need to bind to a
diffusion, what will happen once it carrier protein to be transported throughout the
crosses the cell membrane? circulation
What are the channels in Channel channels are two groups of proteins on each side
mediated transport that create a pore in the cell membrane
, how does channel mediated there are two groups of proteins on each side that
transport work? create a pore in the cell membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the
water soluble drug can go through and the protein
walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid
bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport -there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface
work? of the cell membrane that fits the drug that is trying
to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between
the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation
change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the
open side of the protein is now on the opposite
side and the drug is transported to the other side
of the cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein
accepts the drug, then flips, orienting the open
side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell
membrane
what are the three types of passive simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-
transport mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble lipid soluble
drug get absorbed more quickly?
