NUR 290 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | GUARANTEED PASS |
GRADED A+.
Fluid & Electrolyte and Acid/ Base Questions
1. Evaluation of successful resolution of a fluid volume deficit may be
demonstrated by whichof the following?
1. The patient demonstrates an absence of postural hypotension and
tachycardia
2. The patient adheres to prescribed dietary sodium restrictions
3. The patient maintains weight loss
4. The patient maintains a serum Na above 145 mEq
Rationale:
*1. When you are in a fluid volume deficit your blood pressure goes down and
pulse goes up.
2. Who needs to adhere to dietary sodium restrictions? People who are
in fluid volumeexcess.
3. When I have lost a lot of volume, my weight goes down, so if I am
better, my weightshould go up.
4. If your serum sodium is above 145, hypernatremia is the same thing as
dehydration, sothis means that you are still sick.
2. Ms. Stone is admitted with a serum magnesium deficit. Assessment reveals a
positive
Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs. Which of the following nursing diagnosis
would be mostappropriate?
1. High risk for injury R/T increased neuromuscular irritability
2. High risk for injury R/T fractures secondary to loss of calcium
3. Fluid volume deficit R/T dehydration
4. Activity intolerance R/T skeletal muscle weakness
Rationale:
*1. When you are in a magnesium deficit your muscles are rigid and tight and
1
, you might justgo ahead and have a seizure.
2. What does calcium have to do with it? Nothing.
3. What does fluid volume deficit have to do with it? Nothing.
4. Muscle weakness goes with hypermagnesaemia; this is talking about
hypomagnesaemia.
3. The nurse is caring for a thoracotomy client, one day post operative on
40% humidifiedoxygen. ABG results are: PO2=90, PCO2=49, pH=7.30,
HCO3=26. Based on this information, which of the following nursing
actions would be best?
1. Position in high fowlers and encourage coughing, deep breathing,
evaluate airwaypatency
2. Place in prone position and request respiratory therapy to perform
postural drainage andpercussion therapy
3. Call the doctor and advise him of the ABGs; anticipate increase in oxygen
percentage
4. Administer anti-anxiety agent and assist the client with a rebreathing
device to increaseoxygen levels
Rationale:
*1.If you had just had a thoracotomy would you be taking nice big deep
breaths? No. So what would you be retaining? CO2 which makes your PCO2
go up which makes your pH godown. I’m acidotic aren’t I?
2. What are they going to think about you if select #2. Freak.
3. There’s nothing wrong with calling the doctor and letting him know about
the ABG’s but the last part is just wrong. How is oxygen going to help this
patient? It’s not until they get ridof the what? CO2. And the only way to rid of
the CO2 is, coughing and deep breathing.
4. What are they going to say about you if you select #4? You’re a killer. Don’t
give her a license, because if you give them an anti-anxiety agent what’s
going to happen to the respiratory rate, decrease, and they are going to
retain even more CO2 and you’ve just madeit worse.
5. It is 0600 and a client is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization at 0800.
Laboratory work completed five days ago showed: K 3.0 mEq/L, Na 148
mEq/L, glucose 178 mg/dL. He complains of muscle weakness and cramps.
Which nursing action should be implemented atthis time?
2
,1. Hold 0700 dose of spironolactone (Aldactone)
2. Encourage eating bananas for breakfast
3. Call the physician to suggest a stat K level
4. Call for a twelve lead ECG
Rationale:
1. They need that because it is going to help them retain potassium.
2. You are telling them you are going to feed them. They are NPO for heart
cath.
*3. Since it is a heart cath what electrolyte am I most concerned about,
potassium. This lab work was done five days ago and today my patient is
having muscle weakness and cramps well if it was 3.0 five days ago and
they’re having those kind of symptoms today,I’ll bet it’s even lower. If you
send a patient like that to a heart cath could it kill them?
Yes, so you don’t send them.
4. A twelve lead EKG does not fix the problem.
3
, Burns
6. A client is admitted to the ER with second and third degree burns to her
anterior chest, both arms, and right leg. Priority information to determine at
the time of admission would includewhich of the following?
1. Percentage of burned surface area
2. Amount of IV fluid necessary for fluid resuscitation
3. Any evidence of heat inhalation or airway problems
4. Circumstances surrounding the burn and contamination of the area
Rationale:
1.
2.
*3. All are important but priority with this scenario has to
be airway.4.
4. Ms. Fair is a 77 year old female. Her husband reports that she has had a poor
appetite over the past two weeks, with occasional nausea and vomiting.
When placed on a cardiac monitorvarious abnormal heart beats are noted.
Based on this data, the nurse would suspect that Ms. Fair is experiencing.
1. Hyponatremia
2. Hypermagnesemia
3. Hypercalcemia
4. Hypokalemia
Rationale:
1.
2.
3.
*4. The clues are poor appetite, vomiting, heart all of those things
only point to oneelectrolyte and what’s the electrolyte? Potassium.
7. A family member of a client who has sustained an electrical burn states, “I
don’t understand why he has been here a week, the burn doesn’t look that
bad.” The nurse’s response would bebased on which of the following?
4
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | GUARANTEED PASS |
GRADED A+.
Fluid & Electrolyte and Acid/ Base Questions
1. Evaluation of successful resolution of a fluid volume deficit may be
demonstrated by whichof the following?
1. The patient demonstrates an absence of postural hypotension and
tachycardia
2. The patient adheres to prescribed dietary sodium restrictions
3. The patient maintains weight loss
4. The patient maintains a serum Na above 145 mEq
Rationale:
*1. When you are in a fluid volume deficit your blood pressure goes down and
pulse goes up.
2. Who needs to adhere to dietary sodium restrictions? People who are
in fluid volumeexcess.
3. When I have lost a lot of volume, my weight goes down, so if I am
better, my weightshould go up.
4. If your serum sodium is above 145, hypernatremia is the same thing as
dehydration, sothis means that you are still sick.
2. Ms. Stone is admitted with a serum magnesium deficit. Assessment reveals a
positive
Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs. Which of the following nursing diagnosis
would be mostappropriate?
1. High risk for injury R/T increased neuromuscular irritability
2. High risk for injury R/T fractures secondary to loss of calcium
3. Fluid volume deficit R/T dehydration
4. Activity intolerance R/T skeletal muscle weakness
Rationale:
*1. When you are in a magnesium deficit your muscles are rigid and tight and
1
, you might justgo ahead and have a seizure.
2. What does calcium have to do with it? Nothing.
3. What does fluid volume deficit have to do with it? Nothing.
4. Muscle weakness goes with hypermagnesaemia; this is talking about
hypomagnesaemia.
3. The nurse is caring for a thoracotomy client, one day post operative on
40% humidifiedoxygen. ABG results are: PO2=90, PCO2=49, pH=7.30,
HCO3=26. Based on this information, which of the following nursing
actions would be best?
1. Position in high fowlers and encourage coughing, deep breathing,
evaluate airwaypatency
2. Place in prone position and request respiratory therapy to perform
postural drainage andpercussion therapy
3. Call the doctor and advise him of the ABGs; anticipate increase in oxygen
percentage
4. Administer anti-anxiety agent and assist the client with a rebreathing
device to increaseoxygen levels
Rationale:
*1.If you had just had a thoracotomy would you be taking nice big deep
breaths? No. So what would you be retaining? CO2 which makes your PCO2
go up which makes your pH godown. I’m acidotic aren’t I?
2. What are they going to think about you if select #2. Freak.
3. There’s nothing wrong with calling the doctor and letting him know about
the ABG’s but the last part is just wrong. How is oxygen going to help this
patient? It’s not until they get ridof the what? CO2. And the only way to rid of
the CO2 is, coughing and deep breathing.
4. What are they going to say about you if you select #4? You’re a killer. Don’t
give her a license, because if you give them an anti-anxiety agent what’s
going to happen to the respiratory rate, decrease, and they are going to
retain even more CO2 and you’ve just madeit worse.
5. It is 0600 and a client is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization at 0800.
Laboratory work completed five days ago showed: K 3.0 mEq/L, Na 148
mEq/L, glucose 178 mg/dL. He complains of muscle weakness and cramps.
Which nursing action should be implemented atthis time?
2
,1. Hold 0700 dose of spironolactone (Aldactone)
2. Encourage eating bananas for breakfast
3. Call the physician to suggest a stat K level
4. Call for a twelve lead ECG
Rationale:
1. They need that because it is going to help them retain potassium.
2. You are telling them you are going to feed them. They are NPO for heart
cath.
*3. Since it is a heart cath what electrolyte am I most concerned about,
potassium. This lab work was done five days ago and today my patient is
having muscle weakness and cramps well if it was 3.0 five days ago and
they’re having those kind of symptoms today,I’ll bet it’s even lower. If you
send a patient like that to a heart cath could it kill them?
Yes, so you don’t send them.
4. A twelve lead EKG does not fix the problem.
3
, Burns
6. A client is admitted to the ER with second and third degree burns to her
anterior chest, both arms, and right leg. Priority information to determine at
the time of admission would includewhich of the following?
1. Percentage of burned surface area
2. Amount of IV fluid necessary for fluid resuscitation
3. Any evidence of heat inhalation or airway problems
4. Circumstances surrounding the burn and contamination of the area
Rationale:
1.
2.
*3. All are important but priority with this scenario has to
be airway.4.
4. Ms. Fair is a 77 year old female. Her husband reports that she has had a poor
appetite over the past two weeks, with occasional nausea and vomiting.
When placed on a cardiac monitorvarious abnormal heart beats are noted.
Based on this data, the nurse would suspect that Ms. Fair is experiencing.
1. Hyponatremia
2. Hypermagnesemia
3. Hypercalcemia
4. Hypokalemia
Rationale:
1.
2.
3.
*4. The clues are poor appetite, vomiting, heart all of those things
only point to oneelectrolyte and what’s the electrolyte? Potassium.
7. A family member of a client who has sustained an electrical burn states, “I
don’t understand why he has been here a week, the burn doesn’t look that
bad.” The nurse’s response would bebased on which of the following?
4
