Sciences (2025-2026) Test Exam with
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Physics
The study of forces, energy, motion
Chemistry
The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their
interactions to form substances
Earth science
The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes
that change Earth
essential attributes of science
Studies the natural world
Uses testable ideas
Relies on data from observations/experiments
Presented for evaluation by other scientists
Leads to further questions/research
variables
The changing quantities in an experiment
independent variable
What you change in an experiment on purpose
dependent variable
The variable that changes because of an independent variable
control variable
, The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated
or kept constant
observational study
When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do
not attempt to change them
physical model
A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system
conceptual model
A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms
mathematical model
A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical
methods
computer model
A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer
principle of falsification
Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific
inquiry
hypothesis
A testable statement about how something in nature works
law
A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and
repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature
(what)
theory
A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by
a large body of scientific evidence (how/why)
meter
Base unit of length
kilogram
Base unit of mass
second