Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Notes 1.1 - Matter and its Properties, Atoms, Molecules, Mixtures, and Pure Substances

National University

CAHINORC - INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [LEC]

NUR255



Name: Zardy Gabriel N. Andaya



CORNELL NOTES 1.1


LEARNING OBJECTIVES Notes
1. Differentiate between the
physical and chemical
properties and changes in
matter.
2. Differentiate heterogeneous
or homogeneous, solution or
pure substance, and element MATTER, MASS, AND WEIGHT
or compound.
 Matter
 What is Matter? ‒ It is anything that HAS MASS
AND OCCUPIES SPACE.
‒ It is made up of atoms and
molecules.

Everything is MOSTLY made up
 Is everything made up of of matter, except energy (heat,
matter? light, etc.) and forces
(gravitational, kinetic, etc.).

 Mass
 What is Mass? ‒ It is the measurement of the
AMOUNT OF MATTER in an
object.

Mass is a scalar quantity (has
 What kind of quantity is mass? magnitude only).

The unit of mass should be in
 What is the unit for mass? kilograms (kg).

REFLECTION
 Matter is anything that takes up mass and occupies space, where in
everything is made up of it, except energy and forces.
 Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter in an object.

,  Why does an object on the Unlike Weight, Mass is
Earth has the same mass on CONSTANT and independent of
the moon? the location of the object,
meaning an object’s mass
remains the same despite its
location because it reflects the
amount of matter in an object.

 For example, if a bar of
 What is a good example of how chocolate has 20 g of mass,
mass is constant? the chocolate bar will
remain 20 g in any place it is
put.

 Weight
 What is Weight? ‒ It is the MEASUREMENT OF THE
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE acting
on to the object.

 What kind of quantity is Weight is a vector quantity (has
weight? magnitude and direction).

Object’s weight on Earth weighs
 What is the gravity of the 1
only 6 of the weight on the
Earth and the Moon?
moon, which implies that the
1
GRAVITY on the moon is 6 (1.62
m/s2 ) that of Earth (9.8 m/s2 ).

 What is the formula for Formula for Weight:
Weight? Weight = mass x gravity

The unit of weight should be in
 What is the unit for weight? Newtons (N).

Unlike Mass, Weight is
 Why does weight changes, but dependent of the location of
mass does not? the object because of the
gravitational force acting upon
it.




REFLECTION
 Mass is constant and does not change despite any location, unlike Weight
that does change due to the gravitational force acted upon it.
1
 The Gravity of the Moon is 6 (1.62 �/�2) that of Earth (9.8 �/�2 ).

, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES &
CHANGES

 Physical Properties
 What are the Physical ‒ Can be OBSERVED OR
properties of matter? MEASURED without attempting
to change the composition of
the matter being observed.

 Examples of Physical
 What are some examples of Properties of Matter:
Physical properties of matter? ◼ Color, Length, and Size
◼ State
◼ Melting and Boiling Points
◼ Density
◼ Viscosity
◼ Luster

Physical properties of matter
 Why Physical Properties of depends on how molecules
matter are a function of move and interact, a solid ice
Intermolecular Forces? cube cannot melt into water
without Intermolecular forces
like hydrogen bonding.

 What are Physical changes of  Physical Changes
matter? ‒ Do NOT CHANGE the
composition of the substance.

 What are some of the Physical  Examples of Physical
changes of matter? Changes of Matter:
 Phase changes:
 Melting
 Freezing
 Condensation
 Evaporation
 Deposition
 Sublimation

 How does one state of matter Through the absorption and
change to another? release of heat, phases of
matter changes.
REFLECTION
 Physical properties are properties of matter that can be observed or
measured without any change of its composition (e.g., color, state, etc.).
 Physical changes are changes that do not change the composition of a
substance (e.g., phase changes of matter).

,  Intensive Property
 What are Intensive Properties ‒ Does NOT DEPEND on the
of matter? amount of matter in a
substance.

 Examples of Intensive
 What are some examples of Properties of matter:
the Intensive properties of ◼ Boiling Point
matter?
◼ Freezing Point
◼ Melting Point
◼ Density
◼ Temperature

Intensive properties of matter
 Does Intensive properties of
are always constant and does
matter change?
NOT CHANGE.

 Example:
 Give me an example that
Ice melts at 0°C but
proves why intensive
water melts and freezes
properties does not change?
at the same temperature
of 0°C.




REFLECTION
 Intensive property is a property of matter that are constant and does not
depend on the amount of matter present in a substance (e.g., boiling and
freezing points, etc.)
 Intensive properties are constant and does not exhibit change.