Q. 1. Distinguish between.
1. birth rate and death rate.
Birth rate Death rate
1. Birth rate refers to the number of birth 1. Death rate refers to number of deaths
per 1000 of living population per year per 1000 of living population per year
2. Since 1921, birth rate is falling gradually 2. Since 1921, death rate is falling rapidly
3. A high birth rate is caused by early 3. A high death rate is caused by lack of
marriage, lack of family planning, illiteracy, medical facilities, poverty, malnutrition, etc.
etc.
4. Birth rate can be controlled by late 4. Death rate can be controlled by better
marriage, family planning, etc. medical facilities, welfare programmes, etc.
5. According to 2011 Census, birth rate in 5. According to 2011 Census, death rate in
India is 20.97. India 7.48.
2. first stage of demographic transition and third stage of demographic transition.
First stage of demographic transition Third stage of demographic transition
1. It is pre-industrialised and primitive 1. Rapid industrialisation and urbanization
stage. took place in the third stage of
demographic transition.
2. In the first stage of demographic 2. In the third stage of demographic
transition, the birth rate and death rate both transition, birth rate and death rate both are
are very high. very low.
3. The first stage of demographic transition 3. Third stage of demographic transition
indicate low level of economic indicate high level of economic
development. development.
, 4. All underdeveloped countries have 4. All developed countries are in this stage.
passed through this stage, Before 1921,
India was in the first stage of demographic
transition.
1. Unemployment and underemployment.
Unemployment Underemployment
1. It refers to a situation in which people 1. It is a situation in which employed people
who are willing to work at the prevailing contribute into production, but less than
wage rate but not able to get job. their capacity.
2. It is a situation when the supply of 2. It is a situation where workers were
labour force is more than its demand. below his ability as he is unable to find
suitable job.
3. In India, a person is considered 3. Those who work for 15 - 28 hours a
unemployed if he works for less than week are considered as underemployed.
fourteen hours per week.
4. In this situation there is a wastage of 4. In this situation there is under utilisation
working capacity and complete waste of of working capacity.
Manpower.
2. Disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
Disguised unemployment seasonal unemployment.
1. It is the situation where people appear 1. it is a situation in which people remain
to work but do not contribute anything to unemployed during the off season or slack
production season.
2. It is found throughout the year 2. It is found only in some months of the
year
1. birth rate and death rate.
Birth rate Death rate
1. Birth rate refers to the number of birth 1. Death rate refers to number of deaths
per 1000 of living population per year per 1000 of living population per year
2. Since 1921, birth rate is falling gradually 2. Since 1921, death rate is falling rapidly
3. A high birth rate is caused by early 3. A high death rate is caused by lack of
marriage, lack of family planning, illiteracy, medical facilities, poverty, malnutrition, etc.
etc.
4. Birth rate can be controlled by late 4. Death rate can be controlled by better
marriage, family planning, etc. medical facilities, welfare programmes, etc.
5. According to 2011 Census, birth rate in 5. According to 2011 Census, death rate in
India is 20.97. India 7.48.
2. first stage of demographic transition and third stage of demographic transition.
First stage of demographic transition Third stage of demographic transition
1. It is pre-industrialised and primitive 1. Rapid industrialisation and urbanization
stage. took place in the third stage of
demographic transition.
2. In the first stage of demographic 2. In the third stage of demographic
transition, the birth rate and death rate both transition, birth rate and death rate both are
are very high. very low.
3. The first stage of demographic transition 3. Third stage of demographic transition
indicate low level of economic indicate high level of economic
development. development.
, 4. All underdeveloped countries have 4. All developed countries are in this stage.
passed through this stage, Before 1921,
India was in the first stage of demographic
transition.
1. Unemployment and underemployment.
Unemployment Underemployment
1. It refers to a situation in which people 1. It is a situation in which employed people
who are willing to work at the prevailing contribute into production, but less than
wage rate but not able to get job. their capacity.
2. It is a situation when the supply of 2. It is a situation where workers were
labour force is more than its demand. below his ability as he is unable to find
suitable job.
3. In India, a person is considered 3. Those who work for 15 - 28 hours a
unemployed if he works for less than week are considered as underemployed.
fourteen hours per week.
4. In this situation there is a wastage of 4. In this situation there is under utilisation
working capacity and complete waste of of working capacity.
Manpower.
2. Disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
Disguised unemployment seasonal unemployment.
1. It is the situation where people appear 1. it is a situation in which people remain
to work but do not contribute anything to unemployed during the off season or slack
production season.
2. It is found throughout the year 2. It is found only in some months of the
year
