FINAL EXAM (INCLUDES OUTLINE AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS) WITH ALL VERIFIED
ANSWERS
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and
cerebral metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in CNS.
False! - not part of normal aging - answer ✔✔-T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging.
Thalamus, straitum, basal forebrain, hippocampus - answer ✔✔-Areas where there is neuronal loss
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled.
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age.
Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to age-related physiological/functional decline -
answer ✔✔-Define frailty
true - answer ✔✔-T/F
,Frailty may be reversible via PT.
Decreased functional reserve
Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event - answer ✔✔-Typical
characteristics in frailty
Frail older adult (typical phenotype) - answer ✔✔-Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion,
weight loss, grip strength in lowest 20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10
lbs in past week.
How would you describe this patient?
Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria - answer ✔✔-Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there?
Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI) - answer ✔✔-This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where
frailty is based on the tenuous balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's
ability to remain independent.
1. Well elderly clients whose assets > deficits
2. Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with their deficits.
,3. Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets. - answer ✔✔-Rockwood
model classifies people into what categories?
True. These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than chronological age. - answer ✔✔-T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of dementia.
Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail - answer ✔✔-Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool
Comprehensive geriatric assessment - answer ✔✔-Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool)
, Prism 7 questionnaire
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire - answer ✔✔-List all tests for frailty
Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living - answer ✔✔-Other signficant tests to identify frailty
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Medicaid is major payer of long term care.
21 days
5 years - answer ✔✔-How long is length of stay for medicare
Length of stay for late stage dementia
Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cogntiion, increase/decrease in anything - answer ✔✔-Static
vs
dynamic measures of frailty
<1 m/sec - answer ✔✔-Slow gait velocity defined as
PRACTICE QUESTIONS) WITH ALL VERIFIED
ANSWERS
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and
cerebral metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in CNS.
False! - not part of normal aging - answer ✔✔-T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging.
Thalamus, straitum, basal forebrain, hippocampus - answer ✔✔-Areas where there is neuronal loss
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled.
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age.
Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to age-related physiological/functional decline -
answer ✔✔-Define frailty
true - answer ✔✔-T/F
,Frailty may be reversible via PT.
Decreased functional reserve
Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event - answer ✔✔-Typical
characteristics in frailty
Frail older adult (typical phenotype) - answer ✔✔-Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion,
weight loss, grip strength in lowest 20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10
lbs in past week.
How would you describe this patient?
Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria - answer ✔✔-Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there?
Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI) - answer ✔✔-This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where
frailty is based on the tenuous balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's
ability to remain independent.
1. Well elderly clients whose assets > deficits
2. Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with their deficits.
,3. Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets. - answer ✔✔-Rockwood
model classifies people into what categories?
True. These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than chronological age. - answer ✔✔-T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of dementia.
Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail - answer ✔✔-Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool
Comprehensive geriatric assessment - answer ✔✔-Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool)
, Prism 7 questionnaire
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire - answer ✔✔-List all tests for frailty
Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living - answer ✔✔-Other signficant tests to identify frailty
True - answer ✔✔-T/F
Medicaid is major payer of long term care.
21 days
5 years - answer ✔✔-How long is length of stay for medicare
Length of stay for late stage dementia
Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cogntiion, increase/decrease in anything - answer ✔✔-Static
vs
dynamic measures of frailty
<1 m/sec - answer ✔✔-Slow gait velocity defined as
