BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide | LECTURER SLIDES | GRADE A

Which is the most healthful diet? High fat or low fat? High fiber or low fiber? • A diet high in fruits, vegetables, grains and fish , moderate exercise, and stress reduction or an aspirin regimen may minimize chances of having a second heart attack, true or false? • For the best diet, follow the daily food guide pyramid by eating more foods at the top or the bottom? • A good diet provides cancer protection due to the phytochemicals obtained from what type of food- cruciferous vegetables or dairy products? • A diet high in fruits, vegetables, grains and fish provides essential minerals such as magnesium and potassium or beta carotene? • Which vitamin is an antioxidants? K, B, C or D? • Disease can be defined as functional disequilibrium • Disease may be caused by infection, injury or malnutrition. • Congenital disease is acquired through heredity, obesity or allergy. • Terminal disease has sudden onset and short term. • Define homeostatis: steady state. • The control for most of the endocrine glands of the body is the hypothalamus or thymus? • The thyroid gland secretes which hormone? • The adenohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary, true or false? • The pancreas secretes insulin or glucagon or both? • Which gland produces growth hormone, the anterior or posterior pituitary? • What is the source of glucocorticoids, adrenal cortex or medulla? • The hormone that raises blood calcium levels is parathyroid hormone, true or false? • The hormone controlling metabolic rate is thyroxine or aldosterone? • What is the major effect of aldosterone: to raise? or lower? calcium? or sodium? in the blood? • Any disease caused by a microorganism is properly called infectious or inflammatory • A disease that must pass from person to person via contaminated water is properly classified as non-communicable or communicable, while Diseases that are transmitted directly from human to human are properly called non-communicable or communicable? • Bacteria that are shaped like commas are known as vibrios or spirochetes? • Rickettsia do not fit well into the shape and gram stain pattern. • A common bacterium that is gram positive is Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, or Legionella pneumophila (only one of these). • Bacterial structures that form in response to harsh environmental conditions are endospores or cell walls • The structure of a virus may include RNA, DNA, or a capsid. • Each type of virus may be found growing and reproducing in any host or only certain host cells? • Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue is the correct order from outside in for skin, true or false? • A liver disease patient has abnormally yellow skin. This is what condition, jaundice or pallor? • Large fluid filled lesions of the skin are bullae, not papules, not pustules. • Staphylococcal skin infections include furuncles, carbuncles, folliculitis. • Streptococcal skin infections include erysipelas • Which of the following diseases is NOT considered to have a viral etiology, impetigo or fever blisters (cold sores)? • Verucca vulgaris appearing on a foot is normally called what? And is caused by a virus. • Dermatophyte disease, athlete’s foot and ringworm are all caused by what organism? • Uterine cervical carcinoma seems to be associated with which virus? HIV, HPV or herpes? • Fibroid tumors, common particularly in women, are myoma or leiomyoma. • Sarcoma involves malignant tumor of the connective tissue or the glandular tissue? • The external genitalia of the female are called vulva or uterus? • The functions of the male and female reproductive systems include production of sex cells or hormones or both? • The fimbriae are part of the fallopian tubes or ovary? • Sperm travel to the urethra by way of the vas deferens or seminiferous tubules? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… • Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins: the left or right atrium? • Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the aorta: the left or right ventricle? • What are the coronary vessels? • Urinalysis shows albuminuria, which means what? • Molds of kidney tubules that consist of coagulated protein or blood are called casts or pyuria? • What is the term for inflammation of the bladder: cystitis or nephritis? • Syndrome involving buildup of toxic wastes in the blood is azotemia or uremia? • Filtration unit of the nephron is loop of henle or glomerulus? • During an acute infection, which of the following is UNLIKELY to occur: monocyte accumulate in tissue, release of histamine or decrease in total white cell count [hint the key here is the word acute- AIDS is NOT an acute infection, so don’t get confused] • Inflammation always produces four classical signs, including redness, but not bleeding or suppuration. • Increased permeability of the vessel walls in an inflammation causes which of those signs: redness or swelling? • A scar following surgery or a severe burn that is often raised and hard is known as a keloid or an adhesion? • The defining characteristic of innate immunity is it is inborn and congenital, and example is nonspecific defenses. • How is immunity acquired: by having a disease, a vaccination or exposure to an antigen or all of these? • Myelin is a lipid material, true or false • The myelin sheath is found surrounding neuron fibers or the brain? • Which disease causes the destruction of the myelin sheath: epilepsy, meningitis, or multiple sclerosis? • The neurons that are damaged in polio are the motor or efferent neurons? • What happens in Poliomyelitis? • The vaccines for polio differ in that: the Sabin or Salk is an oral vaccine? The Salk or Sabin ….. first? Patient Cases: Know the basic characteristics of : Diagnosis means the determination of the nature of a disease. • Which of the following is a technique used for identifying chemical abnormalities in diagnosis of disease: urinalysis or ECG? • Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis are all examples of: autoimmune disease or autonomic disorders? • Autoimmunity involves which abnormal reactions? slow response to lymphocytes, or antibody damage to human tissues? • Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with deterioration of collagenous connective tissue, true or false? • Which is the causative agent of immune system damage: HIV or AIDS?• …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… • Accumulation of fat in the fecal matter, resulting in unformed, pale, floating stools with a very strong odor indicates which disease: Chron’s disease or malabsorption syndrome? • change in bowel habits, including either diarrhea or constipation, is a sign of which: carcinoma or obstruction? • A syndrome involving infection and inflammation of the colon with intense pain and bloody stools is called diarrhea or dysentery. [hint the key here is bloody] • The signs and symptoms of appendicitis are: unique and easily recognized, typical pains, localized over the appendix, easy to diagnose or none of these [hint, tricky question, be careful!] • Which is inflammation of the liver: cholecystitis or hepatitis? • A syndrome involving infection and inflammation of the colon with intense pain and bloody stools is called • Hemorrhoids are diagnosed via use of the protoscope. • Which hormones control the functions of the ovaries and testes? • Which can cause acromegaly? • Premature senility (Simmond’s syndrome) is a result of underactivity of the pituitary gland • One consequence of hyperpituitarism is: gigantism, aspermia, or lethargy? • Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lower than normal output of which hormone? • Hypergonadism produces which: precocious sexual development, aspermia, amenorrhea? • One of the most serious consequences of STIs in women is sterility. • The hydatiform mole is a benign tumor of the uterus or placenta? • The condition in which the tissue lining of the uterus becomes embedded elsewhere is called endometriosis • The middle portion of the meninges is the what? • A lumbar puncture: may be used to diagnose meningitis. This region is chosen because the cord ends above this level and will not be damaged by the needle. • The most severe form of spina bifida is: meningocele or meningocele? • What condition that results from an obstruction in normal flow of CSF? • What is another name for Lou Gehrig’s disease? • Extremely high consumption of the fat-soluble vitamins can cause severe damage to which organ: liver, brain or heart? • For normal hardness of bone, the diet must include enough: vitamin A, B, C or D. • Vitamin B deficiencies most seriously affect which: the nervous system or the immune system? • Which are the only dietary sources of vitamin B12: Animal products or citrus fruits? • “A slow growing, generally non-metastasizing tumor” best describes basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma. • The hypersensitivity disease of the skin that produces wheals is urticaria or contact dermatitis? • Common drugs which may cause skin eruptions in sensitive people include penicillin, aspirin, ibuprofen. • Which is related to poor living conditions, and is ….. by a parasitic mite?: eczema, scabies, or urticaria. 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