PPE 3003 Exam 4 questions n answers
graded A+ 2025/2026
environmental differences "evoke" (bring out) different responses - correct answer ✔✔evoked
culture
two things that explain evoked differences - correct answer ✔✔human universal and
environmental differences
ex.) ability to be aggressive is an example of a ____ _____ - correct answer ✔✔human universal
the extent to which a culture is aggressive (or not) - correct answer ✔✔evoked aggressive
evoked aggression depends on.... - correct answer ✔✔where they historically got their food
Farmers-> food from crops were ____ aggressive - correct answer ✔✔less
herders-> food from animals were ____ aggressive - correct answer ✔✔more
"culture of honor" - correct answer ✔✔insults viewed as challenges to be met with aggressive
confrontation
why does "culture of honor" existence - correct answer ✔✔protect your food source and
belongings... esepcially if they were easy to steal
,when rule of law is ____, reputations become very ______ - correct answer ✔✔weak,
important
-reputation of getting revenge will keep you from getting robbed
example of cultures of honor - correct answer ✔✔south
-many people were herders, were rule of law was weak
Nisbett & Cohen, 1996 - correct answer ✔✔Had people from north and south get bumped into
by confederates and then be cursed at by them
-results: men from south had higher cortisol and testosterone levels increase, more likely to
believe their masculinity was threatened, and more aggressive thoughts
-in the south, homicide rates are higher
all humans have the ____ to be aggressive - correct answer ✔✔ability
certain _____ evoke the ability to be more or less aggressive - correct answer ✔✔cultures
some situations promote cooperation and sharing - correct answer ✔✔evoking cooperation
situations that evoke cooperation - correct answer ✔✔-cannot leave group
-many of group members are your family
situations do not evoke cooperation - correct answer ✔✔-high mobility (you can easily leave
the group)
-high food stability (agricultural societies, we all have access to food)
, -few kin members (less genetic interest in helping others)
trends are passed on from one generation to the next - correct answer ✔✔transmitted culture
"collectivist' cultures - correct answer ✔✔interdependent cultures
focus on self as part of the larger group - correct answer ✔✔interdependent cultures
What kind of culture...
Goal: promote group harmony
-fit in
-be flexible
-change personality based on situation
Ideal personality: empathetic, kind, show deference (respect) - correct answer
✔✔interdependent cultures
what kind of culture focus on what makes you unique - correct answer ✔✔independent
cultures
in ______ cultures:
it is good to be
-autonomous (do things for yourself)
-stable and coherent: same person across situations
-free of influence from others: "think for yourself' - correct answer ✔✔independent culture
Japanese study - correct answer ✔✔asked Japanese and Americans to give descriptions of
themselves in different contexts (alone, with a friend, in a professor's office)
graded A+ 2025/2026
environmental differences "evoke" (bring out) different responses - correct answer ✔✔evoked
culture
two things that explain evoked differences - correct answer ✔✔human universal and
environmental differences
ex.) ability to be aggressive is an example of a ____ _____ - correct answer ✔✔human universal
the extent to which a culture is aggressive (or not) - correct answer ✔✔evoked aggressive
evoked aggression depends on.... - correct answer ✔✔where they historically got their food
Farmers-> food from crops were ____ aggressive - correct answer ✔✔less
herders-> food from animals were ____ aggressive - correct answer ✔✔more
"culture of honor" - correct answer ✔✔insults viewed as challenges to be met with aggressive
confrontation
why does "culture of honor" existence - correct answer ✔✔protect your food source and
belongings... esepcially if they were easy to steal
,when rule of law is ____, reputations become very ______ - correct answer ✔✔weak,
important
-reputation of getting revenge will keep you from getting robbed
example of cultures of honor - correct answer ✔✔south
-many people were herders, were rule of law was weak
Nisbett & Cohen, 1996 - correct answer ✔✔Had people from north and south get bumped into
by confederates and then be cursed at by them
-results: men from south had higher cortisol and testosterone levels increase, more likely to
believe their masculinity was threatened, and more aggressive thoughts
-in the south, homicide rates are higher
all humans have the ____ to be aggressive - correct answer ✔✔ability
certain _____ evoke the ability to be more or less aggressive - correct answer ✔✔cultures
some situations promote cooperation and sharing - correct answer ✔✔evoking cooperation
situations that evoke cooperation - correct answer ✔✔-cannot leave group
-many of group members are your family
situations do not evoke cooperation - correct answer ✔✔-high mobility (you can easily leave
the group)
-high food stability (agricultural societies, we all have access to food)
, -few kin members (less genetic interest in helping others)
trends are passed on from one generation to the next - correct answer ✔✔transmitted culture
"collectivist' cultures - correct answer ✔✔interdependent cultures
focus on self as part of the larger group - correct answer ✔✔interdependent cultures
What kind of culture...
Goal: promote group harmony
-fit in
-be flexible
-change personality based on situation
Ideal personality: empathetic, kind, show deference (respect) - correct answer
✔✔interdependent cultures
what kind of culture focus on what makes you unique - correct answer ✔✔independent
cultures
in ______ cultures:
it is good to be
-autonomous (do things for yourself)
-stable and coherent: same person across situations
-free of influence from others: "think for yourself' - correct answer ✔✔independent culture
Japanese study - correct answer ✔✔asked Japanese and Americans to give descriptions of
themselves in different contexts (alone, with a friend, in a professor's office)
