National University
CAHINORC - INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [LEC]
NUR255
Name: Zardy Gabriel N. Andaya
CORNELL NOTES 3.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Notes
Explain how chemical bonds
are formed. CHEMICAL BONDS
Chemical Bonding / Chemical
What is chemical bonding? Bond
‒ Refers to the force of
attraction between atoms
that are joined together to
make a chemical
compound.
What are the interaction Interaction involving valence
involving valence electrons electrons are responsible for the
responsible for? chemical bond.
Valence Shell Electron Pair
What is VSEPR and what does Repulsion theory (VSEPR)
it stand for? ‒ A model that uses the
repulsion between electron
pairs in a central atom's
valence shell to predict the
three-dimensional shape of
molecules.
REFLECTION
Chemical Bonding refers to the attraction forces between joined atoms that
make up a chemical compound.
VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory) is a model used to
predict the 3D shape of molecules, which also include its repulsion.
, VSEPR theory chart:
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 2 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 2
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Planar
electron group of 3 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 3
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Angular or Bent
electron group of 3 with 1
– Number of Electron
lone pair?
Groups = 3
– 1 Lone Pair
• Tetrahedral
What is the VSEPR for an
electron group of 4 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 4
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Pyramidal
electron group of 4 with 1 – Number of Electron
lone pair? Groups = 4
– 1 Lone Pair
What is the VSEPR for an • Angular or Bent
electron group of 4 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 4
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Bipyramidal
electron group of 5 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– No Lone Pairs
• Seesaw
What is the VSEPR for an – Number of Electron
electron group of 5 with 1 Groups = 5
lone pair? – 1 Lone Pair
REFLECTION
The VSEPR Chart includes the following 3D shape of Molecules: Linear (2
Electron Group), Trigonal Planar and Angular or Bent (3 Electron Group),
Tetrahedral, Trigonal Pyramidal, and Angular or Bent (4 Electron Group),
and lastly Trigonal Bipyramidal and Seesaw (5 Electron Group)
, What is the VSEPR for an • T-shaped
electron group of 5 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 5 with 3 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– 3 Lone Pairs
• Octahedral
What is the VSEPR for an
– Number of Electron
electron group of 6 with no
Groups = 6
lone pairs?
– No Lone Pairs
• Square Pyramidal
What is the VSEPR for an
electron group of 6 with 1 – Number of Electron
lone pair? Groups = 6
– 1 Lone Pair
What is the VSEPR for an • Square Planar
electron group of 6 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • T-shaped
electron group of 6 with 3 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 3 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 6 with 4 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 4 Lone Pairs
REFLECTION
The VSEPR chart also includes the following 3D molecular shape: T-shaped
and Linear (5 Electron Group); Square Pyramidal, Square Planar, T-shaped,
and Linear (6 Electron Group).
, Basic Principles of VSEPR:
What is the basic principle of • Electron pairs (bonding and
VSEPR when it comes to lone pairs) surrounding a
electron pairs that surrounds central atom repel one
the central atom? another.
What is the basic principle of • Molecules adopt a shape
VSEPR when it comes to that minimizes repulsion,
molecules adopting a shape? resulting in the most stable
geometry.
What is the basic principle of • Lone pairs repels more
VSEPR that states about the strongly than bonding
forces of Lone Pairs and their pairs, which influences
influence in molecular bond angles and molecule
structure? structure.
Significance of VSEPR:
What is some of the • Predicts molecular shape
significance of VSEPR? • Explains molecular polarity
• Determines physical
properties
• Influences chemical
reactivity
ATOMIC HYBRIDIZATION
When atomic orbitals combine,
How are hybrid orbitals they create new, comparable
formed? hybrid orbitals that are utilized
to
create covalent bonds between
molecules.
REFLECTION
The Basic principles of VSEPR includes: Electron pairs that surrounds a
central atom repel one another, molecules adopt a shape to minimize
repulsion, and lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs.
When atomic orbitals combine, they create hybrid orbitals.
CAHINORC - INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [LEC]
NUR255
Name: Zardy Gabriel N. Andaya
CORNELL NOTES 3.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Notes
Explain how chemical bonds
are formed. CHEMICAL BONDS
Chemical Bonding / Chemical
What is chemical bonding? Bond
‒ Refers to the force of
attraction between atoms
that are joined together to
make a chemical
compound.
What are the interaction Interaction involving valence
involving valence electrons electrons are responsible for the
responsible for? chemical bond.
Valence Shell Electron Pair
What is VSEPR and what does Repulsion theory (VSEPR)
it stand for? ‒ A model that uses the
repulsion between electron
pairs in a central atom's
valence shell to predict the
three-dimensional shape of
molecules.
REFLECTION
Chemical Bonding refers to the attraction forces between joined atoms that
make up a chemical compound.
VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory) is a model used to
predict the 3D shape of molecules, which also include its repulsion.
, VSEPR theory chart:
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 2 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 2
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Planar
electron group of 3 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 3
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Angular or Bent
electron group of 3 with 1
– Number of Electron
lone pair?
Groups = 3
– 1 Lone Pair
• Tetrahedral
What is the VSEPR for an
electron group of 4 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 4
– No Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Pyramidal
electron group of 4 with 1 – Number of Electron
lone pair? Groups = 4
– 1 Lone Pair
What is the VSEPR for an • Angular or Bent
electron group of 4 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 4
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Trigonal Bipyramidal
electron group of 5 with no – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– No Lone Pairs
• Seesaw
What is the VSEPR for an – Number of Electron
electron group of 5 with 1 Groups = 5
lone pair? – 1 Lone Pair
REFLECTION
The VSEPR Chart includes the following 3D shape of Molecules: Linear (2
Electron Group), Trigonal Planar and Angular or Bent (3 Electron Group),
Tetrahedral, Trigonal Pyramidal, and Angular or Bent (4 Electron Group),
and lastly Trigonal Bipyramidal and Seesaw (5 Electron Group)
, What is the VSEPR for an • T-shaped
electron group of 5 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 5 with 3 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 5
– 3 Lone Pairs
• Octahedral
What is the VSEPR for an
– Number of Electron
electron group of 6 with no
Groups = 6
lone pairs?
– No Lone Pairs
• Square Pyramidal
What is the VSEPR for an
electron group of 6 with 1 – Number of Electron
lone pair? Groups = 6
– 1 Lone Pair
What is the VSEPR for an • Square Planar
electron group of 6 with 2 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 2 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • T-shaped
electron group of 6 with 3 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 3 Lone Pairs
What is the VSEPR for an • Linear
electron group of 6 with 4 – Number of Electron
lone pairs? Groups = 6
– 4 Lone Pairs
REFLECTION
The VSEPR chart also includes the following 3D molecular shape: T-shaped
and Linear (5 Electron Group); Square Pyramidal, Square Planar, T-shaped,
and Linear (6 Electron Group).
, Basic Principles of VSEPR:
What is the basic principle of • Electron pairs (bonding and
VSEPR when it comes to lone pairs) surrounding a
electron pairs that surrounds central atom repel one
the central atom? another.
What is the basic principle of • Molecules adopt a shape
VSEPR when it comes to that minimizes repulsion,
molecules adopting a shape? resulting in the most stable
geometry.
What is the basic principle of • Lone pairs repels more
VSEPR that states about the strongly than bonding
forces of Lone Pairs and their pairs, which influences
influence in molecular bond angles and molecule
structure? structure.
Significance of VSEPR:
What is some of the • Predicts molecular shape
significance of VSEPR? • Explains molecular polarity
• Determines physical
properties
• Influences chemical
reactivity
ATOMIC HYBRIDIZATION
When atomic orbitals combine,
How are hybrid orbitals they create new, comparable
formed? hybrid orbitals that are utilized
to
create covalent bonds between
molecules.
REFLECTION
The Basic principles of VSEPR includes: Electron pairs that surrounds a
central atom repel one another, molecules adopt a shape to minimize
repulsion, and lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs.
When atomic orbitals combine, they create hybrid orbitals.
