CCBC Essex Bio 110 Final Questions
with Verified Answers
hypothesis - ANSWERSA testable prediction, often implied by a theory
theory - ANSWERSA hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
prokaryotic cell - ANSWERSA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cell - ANSWERSA type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
evolution - ANSWERSChange in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
vertical descent with modification - ANSWERSNew Species evolve from pre-existing
species by the accumulation of mutations - changes in the genetic material of
organisms.
horizontal gene transfer - ANSWERSA process in which an organism incorporates
genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism
genome - ANSWERSAll of an organism's genetic material.
proteome - ANSWERSAll of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in
a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
scientific method - ANSWERSA logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.
1)problem or question arising from an observation, 2)Hypothesis (unproved
assumption), 3) Hypothesis is tested by an experiment, 4) Analyze and interpret data to
get to conclusion.
inorganic compound - ANSWERSCompounds that do not contain carbon
organic compound - ANSWERSComplex molecules organized around skeletons of
carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains; includes biomolecules, molecules
synthesized by living organisms.
element - ANSWERSA pure substance that cannot be broken down into other
substances by chemical or physical means
,proton - ANSWERSA subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in
the nucleus of an atom
neutron - ANSWERSA subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the
nucleus of an atom
electron - ANSWERSA tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus
of an atom
atomic number - ANSWERSNumber of protons in an atom
orbitals - ANSWERSeach orbital holds only 2 electrons; 1s,2s,2p
s orbitals- spherical
p orbitals- dumbbell shaped
atomic mass - ANSWERSNumber of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWERSAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons.
molecule - ANSWERS2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
compound - ANSWERSA substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
valence electrons - ANSWERSElectrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
octet rule - ANSWERSStates that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to
acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
Covalent bond - ANSWERSStrongest bonds, occurs between atoms outer electron
shells that are not full
polar covalent bond - ANSWERSA covalent bond in which electrons are not shared
equally
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWERSA type of covalent bond in which electrons are
shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.
electronegative - ANSWERSelectron greedy. oxygen and nitrogen
hydrogen bond - ANSWERSA type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly
positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the
slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
, ionic bond - ANSWERSFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one
atom to another
cation - ANSWERSA positively charged ion
anion - ANSWERSA negatively charged ion
ion - ANSWERSAn atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more
electrons, thus acquiring a charge.
hydrophillic - ANSWERSwater loving, molecules that are able to dissolve in water
hydrophobic - ANSWERS"Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of
molecules) that do not dissolve in water.
amphipathic - ANSWERSA molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a
hydrophobic region.
molarity - ANSWERSA common measure of solute concentration, referring to the
number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
concentration - ANSWERSA measurement of how much solute exists within a certain
volume of solvent
redox reaction - ANSWERSA chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more
electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.
oxidation - ANSWERSLoss of electrons
reduction - ANSWERSGain of electrons
acid - ANSWERSA substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
base - ANSWERSA substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a
solution.
buffer - ANSWERSA solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to the solution.
hydrocarbon - ANSWERSCompounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen, can
exist as unbranched or branched chains or as rings
isomer - ANSWERSCompounds with the same formula but different structures.
with Verified Answers
hypothesis - ANSWERSA testable prediction, often implied by a theory
theory - ANSWERSA hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
prokaryotic cell - ANSWERSA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cell - ANSWERSA type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
evolution - ANSWERSChange in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
vertical descent with modification - ANSWERSNew Species evolve from pre-existing
species by the accumulation of mutations - changes in the genetic material of
organisms.
horizontal gene transfer - ANSWERSA process in which an organism incorporates
genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism
genome - ANSWERSAll of an organism's genetic material.
proteome - ANSWERSAll of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in
a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
scientific method - ANSWERSA logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.
1)problem or question arising from an observation, 2)Hypothesis (unproved
assumption), 3) Hypothesis is tested by an experiment, 4) Analyze and interpret data to
get to conclusion.
inorganic compound - ANSWERSCompounds that do not contain carbon
organic compound - ANSWERSComplex molecules organized around skeletons of
carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains; includes biomolecules, molecules
synthesized by living organisms.
element - ANSWERSA pure substance that cannot be broken down into other
substances by chemical or physical means
,proton - ANSWERSA subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in
the nucleus of an atom
neutron - ANSWERSA subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the
nucleus of an atom
electron - ANSWERSA tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus
of an atom
atomic number - ANSWERSNumber of protons in an atom
orbitals - ANSWERSeach orbital holds only 2 electrons; 1s,2s,2p
s orbitals- spherical
p orbitals- dumbbell shaped
atomic mass - ANSWERSNumber of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWERSAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons.
molecule - ANSWERS2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
compound - ANSWERSA substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
valence electrons - ANSWERSElectrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
octet rule - ANSWERSStates that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to
acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
Covalent bond - ANSWERSStrongest bonds, occurs between atoms outer electron
shells that are not full
polar covalent bond - ANSWERSA covalent bond in which electrons are not shared
equally
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWERSA type of covalent bond in which electrons are
shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.
electronegative - ANSWERSelectron greedy. oxygen and nitrogen
hydrogen bond - ANSWERSA type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly
positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the
slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
, ionic bond - ANSWERSFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one
atom to another
cation - ANSWERSA positively charged ion
anion - ANSWERSA negatively charged ion
ion - ANSWERSAn atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more
electrons, thus acquiring a charge.
hydrophillic - ANSWERSwater loving, molecules that are able to dissolve in water
hydrophobic - ANSWERS"Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of
molecules) that do not dissolve in water.
amphipathic - ANSWERSA molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a
hydrophobic region.
molarity - ANSWERSA common measure of solute concentration, referring to the
number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
concentration - ANSWERSA measurement of how much solute exists within a certain
volume of solvent
redox reaction - ANSWERSA chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more
electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.
oxidation - ANSWERSLoss of electrons
reduction - ANSWERSGain of electrons
acid - ANSWERSA substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
base - ANSWERSA substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a
solution.
buffer - ANSWERSA solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to the solution.
hydrocarbon - ANSWERSCompounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen, can
exist as unbranched or branched chains or as rings
isomer - ANSWERSCompounds with the same formula but different structures.
