12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual
Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest
Update 2026) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (307)
chanes to the respiratory system with -PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
age -loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual
capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
-nose experiences connective tissue changes
reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and
contain fewer functional capillaries
-kyphosis
-
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,12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
changes to the cells of the body -number of cells gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body
composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk
to older adults
Gastroinstestinal System age -decreased taste sensation
changes -esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions,
and emptying time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin,
lipase, and pancreatic enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening
of the muscles involved in mastication
reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
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,12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
Urinary System aging -decreased size of renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
-decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow
decreases 53% and glomerular filtration rate
decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive -fallopian tubes atrophy and shorten
system -ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
-flattening of labia
-endocervical epithelium atrophies
-uterus becomes smaller in size
-endometrium atrophies
-more alkaline vaginal environment
-loss of vulvar subcutaneous fat and hair
-vulva atrophy
-vaginal epithelium becomes thin
-cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries atrophy
-uterus and overies decrease in size
- breasts sag and less firm
-some retraction of nipples
-fibrosis and calcification of the terminal ducts
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, 12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
Aging of the male reproductive -fluid-retaining capacity of seminal vesicles
system reduces
-possible reduction in sperm count
-venous and arterial sclerosis of penis
-prostate enlarges in most men
-seminal vesicles having a thinner epithelium
-replacement of muscle with connective tissue
-structural changes in the seminiferous tubules
include fibrosis, thinning of epithelium,thickening of
the basement membrane
-narrowing of the lumen
-atrophy of the testes
-reduction is testicular mass
-more time required for an erection
aging musculoskeletal system -muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle movements
decreased
-age related loss of muscle mass, strength and
function= sarcopenia
- tendons shrink and harden
-reflexes are lessened in the arms and nearly lost in
abdomen
-shortening of vertebrae
-between 20 and 70 height decreases approx 2
inches
-bones more brittle
-slight knee flexion
-decrease in bone mass and bone mineral
-slight kyphosis
-slight hip flexion
-slight wrist flexion
- impaired flexion and extension movements.
-grip strength decline
-decrease body strength
-decreased calorie intake
-poor blood flow
https://quizlet.com/1126064397/pn2003-variations-final-exam-2026-actual-exam-questions-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-car… 4/43
PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual
Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest
Update 2026) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (307)
chanes to the respiratory system with -PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
age -loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual
capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
-nose experiences connective tissue changes
reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and
contain fewer functional capillaries
-kyphosis
-
https://quizlet.com/1126064397/pn2003-variations-final-exam-2026-actual-exam-questions-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-car… 1/43
,12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
changes to the cells of the body -number of cells gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body
composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk
to older adults
Gastroinstestinal System age -decreased taste sensation
changes -esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions,
and emptying time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin,
lipase, and pancreatic enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening
of the muscles involved in mastication
reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
https://quizlet.com/1126064397/pn2003-variations-final-exam-2026-actual-exam-questions-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-car… 2/43
,12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
Urinary System aging -decreased size of renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
-decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow
decreases 53% and glomerular filtration rate
decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive -fallopian tubes atrophy and shorten
system -ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
-flattening of labia
-endocervical epithelium atrophies
-uterus becomes smaller in size
-endometrium atrophies
-more alkaline vaginal environment
-loss of vulvar subcutaneous fat and hair
-vulva atrophy
-vaginal epithelium becomes thin
-cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries atrophy
-uterus and overies decrease in size
- breasts sag and less firm
-some retraction of nipples
-fibrosis and calcification of the terminal ducts
https://quizlet.com/1126064397/pn2003-variations-final-exam-2026-actual-exam-questions-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-car… 3/43
, 12/29/25, 3:00 AM PN2003 Variations Final Exam || 2026 (Actual Exam) Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards…
Aging of the male reproductive -fluid-retaining capacity of seminal vesicles
system reduces
-possible reduction in sperm count
-venous and arterial sclerosis of penis
-prostate enlarges in most men
-seminal vesicles having a thinner epithelium
-replacement of muscle with connective tissue
-structural changes in the seminiferous tubules
include fibrosis, thinning of epithelium,thickening of
the basement membrane
-narrowing of the lumen
-atrophy of the testes
-reduction is testicular mass
-more time required for an erection
aging musculoskeletal system -muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle movements
decreased
-age related loss of muscle mass, strength and
function= sarcopenia
- tendons shrink and harden
-reflexes are lessened in the arms and nearly lost in
abdomen
-shortening of vertebrae
-between 20 and 70 height decreases approx 2
inches
-bones more brittle
-slight knee flexion
-decrease in bone mass and bone mineral
-slight kyphosis
-slight hip flexion
-slight wrist flexion
- impaired flexion and extension movements.
-grip strength decline
-decrease body strength
-decreased calorie intake
-poor blood flow
https://quizlet.com/1126064397/pn2003-variations-final-exam-2026-actual-exam-questions-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-car… 4/43
