Bio 255 exam 1
Components of whole blood - answer~Erythrocytes-RBS
~Leukocytes-WBC
~Plasma
Plasma is made of? - answer Water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous
wastes, hormones and gases
Components of form elements - answer~RBC
~Platelets
~WBC-granulocytes and agranulocytes
Ganulocytes - answerneutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes - answerlymphocytes and monocytes
Neutrophils - answerBacterial infections (multi-labed nucleus)
Basophils - answerChicken poxs, sinusitis, diabetes (allergic reactions) (bi-labed
nucleus)
Eosinophils - answerparasitic infection, allergies (multi-labed nucleus)
lymphocytes - answerdiverse infection and immune response (large round nucleus)
Monocytes - answerviral infections and inflammation (bean shaped nucleus)
Lymphoid stem cell - answer~ T lymphocytes
~B lymphocytes
: plasma cells
~Natural Killer (NK) Cell
Myeloid stem cell - answer~red blood cells
~platelets
~mast cells
~eosinophils
~basophils
~neutrophils
~monocytes
: Macrophages
Hemoglobin - answer~protein that carries O2 in blood,
, ~Iron allows binding of O2
~ heme carries 4 O2
What cell type are RBC broken down by? - answerMacrophages
What is first broken down in RBC? - answerHeme and Globin
Steps of RBC break down - answer1. cells are broken down by macrophages
2.Heme and globin separate
3. globin is made into an amino acid
4. Iron is taken from heme, attaches to transferrin and delivered to liver
5. iron then detaches and reattached to ferritin and stored
6. When needed the iron is pushed back into the blood stream where it is used for
formation of new RBCs
7. Heme is converted into bilirubin and transported to liver
8. by the liver heme is released into bile moving from small to large intestine
9. this then becomes urobilinogen then is released in urine and feces
Production of RBCs is called? - answerErythropoiesis
What hormone from the kidneys is required for erythropoiesis? - answererythropoietin
(this hormone increases when oxygen drops)
When WBCs leave the blood stream to sites of invasion is called? - answeremigration
( most commonly conducted by neutrophils)
What do high levels of white blood cells indicate? - answerbody is fending off pathogens
and infectious microorganisms
Platelets come from what what cell? - answermegakaryocyte
Platelet functions - answer~vasoconstrictors
~create plugs
~procoagulation
~clot-desolvant
Major components of plasma - answer~plasma
~serum (absense of fibrinogen)
~plasma proteins
Types of Plasma proteins - answer~Albumins (most abundant)
~Globulins (immune alpha beta and gama)
~Fibrinogen (help form blood clots)
Hematocrit Volume - answerpacked cell volume= volume of RBCs/Total volume of
RBCs + plasma
Components of whole blood - answer~Erythrocytes-RBS
~Leukocytes-WBC
~Plasma
Plasma is made of? - answer Water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous
wastes, hormones and gases
Components of form elements - answer~RBC
~Platelets
~WBC-granulocytes and agranulocytes
Ganulocytes - answerneutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes - answerlymphocytes and monocytes
Neutrophils - answerBacterial infections (multi-labed nucleus)
Basophils - answerChicken poxs, sinusitis, diabetes (allergic reactions) (bi-labed
nucleus)
Eosinophils - answerparasitic infection, allergies (multi-labed nucleus)
lymphocytes - answerdiverse infection and immune response (large round nucleus)
Monocytes - answerviral infections and inflammation (bean shaped nucleus)
Lymphoid stem cell - answer~ T lymphocytes
~B lymphocytes
: plasma cells
~Natural Killer (NK) Cell
Myeloid stem cell - answer~red blood cells
~platelets
~mast cells
~eosinophils
~basophils
~neutrophils
~monocytes
: Macrophages
Hemoglobin - answer~protein that carries O2 in blood,
, ~Iron allows binding of O2
~ heme carries 4 O2
What cell type are RBC broken down by? - answerMacrophages
What is first broken down in RBC? - answerHeme and Globin
Steps of RBC break down - answer1. cells are broken down by macrophages
2.Heme and globin separate
3. globin is made into an amino acid
4. Iron is taken from heme, attaches to transferrin and delivered to liver
5. iron then detaches and reattached to ferritin and stored
6. When needed the iron is pushed back into the blood stream where it is used for
formation of new RBCs
7. Heme is converted into bilirubin and transported to liver
8. by the liver heme is released into bile moving from small to large intestine
9. this then becomes urobilinogen then is released in urine and feces
Production of RBCs is called? - answerErythropoiesis
What hormone from the kidneys is required for erythropoiesis? - answererythropoietin
(this hormone increases when oxygen drops)
When WBCs leave the blood stream to sites of invasion is called? - answeremigration
( most commonly conducted by neutrophils)
What do high levels of white blood cells indicate? - answerbody is fending off pathogens
and infectious microorganisms
Platelets come from what what cell? - answermegakaryocyte
Platelet functions - answer~vasoconstrictors
~create plugs
~procoagulation
~clot-desolvant
Major components of plasma - answer~plasma
~serum (absense of fibrinogen)
~plasma proteins
Types of Plasma proteins - answer~Albumins (most abundant)
~Globulins (immune alpha beta and gama)
~Fibrinogen (help form blood clots)
Hematocrit Volume - answerpacked cell volume= volume of RBCs/Total volume of
RBCs + plasma
