Bio 255 Exam 1B
What are the two main cavities covered in lecture? - answer Dorsal and ventral
What is the function of the dorsal cavity and what two subdivisions does it contain? -
answer Protection of the nervous system; cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
What is the function of the ventral cavity and what two subdivisions does it contain? -
answer Encloses internal organs; Thoracic (above diaphragm) and abdominopelvic
What does the thoracic cavity contain? - answer Pleural cavity, mediastinum (surrounds
remaining organs), and pericardial cavity
What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain? - answer Abdominal cavity (stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver) and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)
What kind of serous membrane lines the cavity wall? – answer Parietal (remember
serous membranes are continuous)
What kind of serous membrane lines the organ it's associated with? - answerVisceral
(remember serous membranes are continuous)
What is meant by the term "anatomical variability"? - answerIt means that humans vary
slightly in their anatomy. Only about 90% of all anatomical structures match the
textbook
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? - answerPhysical boundary,
separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids, transports molecules, enzymatic
activity, signal transduction using receptors, intercellular adhesion, cell-cell recognition
What is the structure of the plasma membrane? - answerIt is a phospholipid bilayer that
has embedded proteins
What is the difference between peripheral proteins and integral proteins in the plasma
membrane? - answerPeripheral - one side
Integral - both sides
What is the Glycocalyx and what is its function? - answerArea around the cell
composed of carbohydrates; provides highly specific biological markers for cell-cell
recognition
What are the four intracellular junctions? - answerTight, adhering, gap and
desmosomes
, What are tight junctions? - answer(stitches) Impermeable junction that encircles apical
surface, inhibits movement between cells
What are adhering junctions? - answer(snaps) Junctions that provide apical support,
deep to tight junction, resists separation of cells, composed of lots of desmosomes
What are desmosomes? - answerAnchoring junction scattered along the side of cells,
joins cytoskeleton of cells together
What are gap junctions? - answerA channel that allows chemical substances to freely
pass between the cytoplasm of two cells
What is cytoplasm? - answerAll materials contained within the cell membrane and
outside of the nucleus (cytosol, inclusions, organelles), it is the location of many
metabolic reactions
What is a cytoplasmic inclusion? - answerTemporary storage for pigments, glycogen,
and lipids; not in all cells and not enclosed
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - answerLipid synthesis &
storage, carb metabolism, detox
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? - answerSynthesis of exported
proteins
What is the function of the ribosomes? - answerSynthesizing proteins, there are free
ribosomes (make proteins for inside the cell) and fixed ribosomes (make exported
proteins)
What is the function of the golgi apparatus? - answerModify proteins, package proteins
into secretory vesicles which can become lysosomes and undergo exocytosis or the can
be incorporated into the plasma membrane
What is the function of the lysosomes? - answerThey are vesicles with enzymes that
digest waste products
What is the function of peroxisomes? - answerVesicles with enzymes that breakdown
special harmful substances (hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, alcohol)
What is the function of the mitochondria? - answerATP synthesis; cellular respiration
What is the function of the centrosomes? - answerOrganizes and supports microtubule
growth, directs formation of mitotic spindle during mitosis
What are the two main cavities covered in lecture? - answer Dorsal and ventral
What is the function of the dorsal cavity and what two subdivisions does it contain? -
answer Protection of the nervous system; cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
What is the function of the ventral cavity and what two subdivisions does it contain? -
answer Encloses internal organs; Thoracic (above diaphragm) and abdominopelvic
What does the thoracic cavity contain? - answer Pleural cavity, mediastinum (surrounds
remaining organs), and pericardial cavity
What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain? - answer Abdominal cavity (stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver) and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)
What kind of serous membrane lines the cavity wall? – answer Parietal (remember
serous membranes are continuous)
What kind of serous membrane lines the organ it's associated with? - answerVisceral
(remember serous membranes are continuous)
What is meant by the term "anatomical variability"? - answerIt means that humans vary
slightly in their anatomy. Only about 90% of all anatomical structures match the
textbook
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? - answerPhysical boundary,
separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids, transports molecules, enzymatic
activity, signal transduction using receptors, intercellular adhesion, cell-cell recognition
What is the structure of the plasma membrane? - answerIt is a phospholipid bilayer that
has embedded proteins
What is the difference between peripheral proteins and integral proteins in the plasma
membrane? - answerPeripheral - one side
Integral - both sides
What is the Glycocalyx and what is its function? - answerArea around the cell
composed of carbohydrates; provides highly specific biological markers for cell-cell
recognition
What are the four intracellular junctions? - answerTight, adhering, gap and
desmosomes
, What are tight junctions? - answer(stitches) Impermeable junction that encircles apical
surface, inhibits movement between cells
What are adhering junctions? - answer(snaps) Junctions that provide apical support,
deep to tight junction, resists separation of cells, composed of lots of desmosomes
What are desmosomes? - answerAnchoring junction scattered along the side of cells,
joins cytoskeleton of cells together
What are gap junctions? - answerA channel that allows chemical substances to freely
pass between the cytoplasm of two cells
What is cytoplasm? - answerAll materials contained within the cell membrane and
outside of the nucleus (cytosol, inclusions, organelles), it is the location of many
metabolic reactions
What is a cytoplasmic inclusion? - answerTemporary storage for pigments, glycogen,
and lipids; not in all cells and not enclosed
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - answerLipid synthesis &
storage, carb metabolism, detox
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? - answerSynthesis of exported
proteins
What is the function of the ribosomes? - answerSynthesizing proteins, there are free
ribosomes (make proteins for inside the cell) and fixed ribosomes (make exported
proteins)
What is the function of the golgi apparatus? - answerModify proteins, package proteins
into secretory vesicles which can become lysosomes and undergo exocytosis or the can
be incorporated into the plasma membrane
What is the function of the lysosomes? - answerThey are vesicles with enzymes that
digest waste products
What is the function of peroxisomes? - answerVesicles with enzymes that breakdown
special harmful substances (hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, alcohol)
What is the function of the mitochondria? - answerATP synthesis; cellular respiration
What is the function of the centrosomes? - answerOrganizes and supports microtubule
growth, directs formation of mitotic spindle during mitosis
