NURSING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026

NURSING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS 2026
HowBcanByouBestimateBaBclient'sBtidalBvolume?B-
BAnswerTidalBvolumeBcanBbeBestimatedBbyBobservingBtheBdepthBofBtheBclient'sBrespirations.



WhatBisBtheBrangeBofBnormalBforBanBadult'sBrespiratoryBrate?B-
BAnswerABrateBofB12BtoB20BbreathsBperBminuteBisBnormalBforBadults



BesidesBtheBrate,BwhatBotherBcharacteristicsBofBaBclient'sBrespirationsBshouldByouBobserve?B-
BAnswerDepth,Brhythm,Beffort,BbreathBsounds,BandBchestBmovementBshouldBbeBobservedBinB
additionBtoBrate.



WhatBareBsomeBcommonBclinicalBsignsBassociatedBwithBpoorBoxygenation?B-
BAnswerPallorBorBcyanosisBofBtheBnails,Blips,BorBskin;Brestlessness;Bapprehension;Bconfusion;B
dizziness;Bfatigue;BchangesBinBpulseBandBbloodBpressure;BandBdecreasedBlevelBofBconsciousne
ssBareBassociatedBwithBpoorBoxygenation.



WhichBofBtheBKorotkoffBsoundsBwouldByouBrecordBasBtheBsystolicBpressure?B-BAnswerFirst



WhichBofBtheBKorotkoffBsoundsBwouldByouBrecordBasBtheBdiastolicBpressure?B-BAnswerFifth



ABnurseBisBauscultatingBaBBP.BHeBhearsBtheBfirstBsoundBatB170BmmBHg.BTheBsoundBdisappea
rsBimmediately.BAtB150BmmBHg,BtheBsoundBappearsBagainBandBcontinuesBuntilBthereBisBsilen
ceBatB80BmmBHg.BTheBpressuresBwereBtakenBinBtheBclient'sBrightBarmBwhileBtheBclientBwasB
lyingBdown.

B

HowBshouldBtheBnurseBrecordBtheseBpressures?B-
BAnswerBPBRA,Bsupine,B170/80BwithBanBauscultatoryBgapBfromB170BtoB150



HowBdoByouBexplainBwhatBhappened?B-
BAnswerAnBauscultatoryBgapBoccurred.BABgapBisBmostBcommonlyBheardBinBhypertensiveBclien
ts,BwhoseBsystolicBbloodBpressureBisBhigherBthanBtheBadultBnormalBlimitBofB140BmmBHg.



WhichBofBtheBfollowingBpatientsBhasBhypertension?BOneBwithBaBBPBof:

150/80BonBtwoBseparateBoccasions

,180/100BonBoneBoccasion

138/88BonBtwoBoccasionsB-BAnswer150/80BonBtwoBseparateBoccasions



WhichBofBtheBfollowingBclient(s)Bhas/haveBprimaryBhypertension?

ClientBA,BwhoBisBobeseBandBhasBaBhighBsodiumBintake

ClientBB,BwhoBisBinBrenalBfailure

ClientBC,BwhoBhasBhypertensionBinducedBbyBpregnancy

ClientBD,BwhoBhasBaBfamilyBhistoryBofBhypertensionB-
BAnswerClientBD,BwhoBhasBaBfamilyBhistoryBofBhypertension



WhatBareBfiveBfunctionsBofBtheBskin?B-
BAnswerTheBskinBservesBfiveBfunctions:Bprotection,Bsensation,BtemperatureBregulation,Bsecretio
n/excretion,BandBformationBofBvitaminBD.



HowBdoesBtheBskinBhelpBregulateBbodyBtemperature?B-
BAnswerTheBskinBcontainsBsensoryBorgansBorBreceptorsBforBheatBandBcold.BTheBskinBregulates
BtemperatureBthroughBtheBprocessBofBdilatingBandBconstrictingBbloodBvesselsBandBactivatingB
orBinactivatingBsweatBglands.BTheBsweatBglandsBfoundBinBtheBaxillaeBandBexternalBgenitaliaBs
ecreteBfattyBacidsBandBproteinsBandBexcreteBperspiration,BwhichBproducesBaBcoolingBeffectBas
BtheBmoistureBevaporatesBfromBtheBskin.



WhatBchangesBtakeBplaceBinBtheBskinBasBaBpersonBagesB-
BAnswerWithBage,BbothBlayersBofBtheBskinBbecomeBthinnerBandBmoreBfragile.BAsBcollagenBan
dBelastinBfibersBinBtheBdermisBdeteriorate,BtheBskinBbecomesBwrinkled.BSebaceousBandBsweat
BglandBactivityBdecreases,BcausingBtheBskinBtoBbecomeBdry,Bscaly,BandBitchy,BandBtemperatur
eBregulationBinBhotBweatherBbecomesBmoreBdifficult.BAsBtheBnumberBandBactivityBofBhairBfol
liclesBandBpigmentBcellsB(melanocytes)Bdiminishes,BhairBbecomesBthin,BturnsBgrayBorBwhite,Ba
ndBgrowsBmoreBslowly.BNailsBthickenBandBgrowthBdecreases.BTheseBchangesBincreaseBtheBrisk
BforBskinBproblems.



TrueBorBfalse:BTheBprofessionalBnurseBisBresponsibleBforBmakingBassessments.B-BAnswerTrue



TrueBorBfalse:BAssistingBwithBtheBbathBisBanBexcellentBtimeBtoBassessBtheBpatient.B-
BAnswerTrue



ToBinspectBforBpallorBinBaBdark-
skinnedBperson,BwhichBareasBwouldByouBassessBforBanBashenBgrayBorByellowBcolor?B-

, BAnswerForBdark-
skinnedBpersons,BtheBconjunctivae,BbuccalBmucosa,Btongue,Blips,BnailBbeds,Bpalms,BandBsolesB
shouldBbeBassessedBforBpallor.



WhatBisBtheBtermBthatBmeansB"aBbluishBcolorBofBtheBskin"?B-
BAnswerCyanosisBmeansBaBbluishBdiscolorationBofBtheBskin.



NameBtwoBcausesBofBerythema.B-
BAnswerVasodilationBandBinflammationBareBcausesBofBerythema.



WhereBcanByouBbestBseeBjaundice?B-
BAnswerTheBscleraBofBtheBeyesBisBtheBbestBplaceBtoBseeBjaundice



TrueBorBfalse:BHealthyBnailsBareBusuallyBclean,Bsmooth,BandBconvexlyBcurvedB-BAnswerTrue



ListBatBleastBthreeBnailBchangesBthatBoccurBwithBaging.B-
BAnswerAsBaBpersonBages,BtheBnailsBthicken,BbecomeBridged,BandBmayByellowBorBbecomeBco
ncaveBinBshape.



ListBatBleastBfourBthingsByouBshouldBteachBclientsBaboutBself-careBofBtheirBnails.B-
BAnswerAnswer:

ClientsBshouldBbeBtaughtBtheBfollowingBself-careBofBtheirBnails:

●BInspectBtheBnailsBdaily.

●BTrimBnailsBwithBaBnailBclipperB(peopleBwithBdiabetesBorBcirculatoryBproblemsBshouldBfileBo
nly,BasBcuttingBposesBaBriskBforBinjuryBtoBtheBtissues).

●BFileBtheBnailsBstraightBacross,BroundingBtheBcornersBslightlyBtoBpreventBscratching;BdoBnotB
cutBdeeplyBintoBtheBlateralBcorners,BasBthisBmayBcauseBingrownBnails.

●BRemoveBhangnailsBbyBcarefullyBcuttingBthemBoff.

●BCleanBunderBtheBnailsBwithBanBorangewoodBstickBorBotherBbluntBinstrument.

●BPushBbackBtheBcuticlesBgently.

●BUseBaBmoisturizingBlotionBtoBsoftenBcuticles.

●BAvoidBbitingBnails.

●BConsultBaBpodiatristBforBanyBingrownBtoenailsBorBotherBnailBproblems.

●BRecommendBtoBpatientsBwithBdiabetes,BcirculatoryBinsufficiency,BorBnailBproblemsBthatBthey
BseekBnailBcareBfromBaBpodiatrist.