Lasers and Fiber Optics
Professor Deven
Mo
Fiber Optics: Principle and
Pre- requisites of Lasers: Basic of Construction of Optical fiber,
Interference, diffraction and Numerical aperture,
polarization Acceptance Cone,
Lasers and Characteristics Step index and Graded Index Fibers
Eistein’s coefficients Principle of Optical fiber
Types of Lasers Communication
He-Ne Laser, Optical fiber Loss and attenuation
Semiconductor Laser Advantages
Applications of Laser Application of Optical fiber in
Communication and Industries
,Lasers and Characteristics
• LASER
--Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiations
• Components of LASER:
An active medium of the atoms or molecules
A mechanism for creating population inversion wherein w
require a greater population of electrons in an excited sta
that existed in a lower state.
A resonator or cavity which has resonant frequency equal
the photon frequency
,•Device: A laser is a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to em
light. It then amplifies this light to produce a focused beam of radiatio
Working Principle:
The process involves exciting electrons in a Gain Medium (like a cryst
gas, or glass), which then emit photons. These photons are amplified
create the powerful laser beam.
, Ground state and Excited
states:
• The lowest energy level for an individual atom occurs
its electrons are all in the nearest possible orbits
nucleus ,this energy level is called the “Ground state”
• When one or more of an atom’s electrons have abs
energy, they can move to outer orbits, and the at
then referred to as being excited, and that energy le
called as “Excited state.” Excited states are general
stable; as electrons drop from higher-energy to
energy levels, they emit the extra energy as light.
Professor Deven
Mo
Fiber Optics: Principle and
Pre- requisites of Lasers: Basic of Construction of Optical fiber,
Interference, diffraction and Numerical aperture,
polarization Acceptance Cone,
Lasers and Characteristics Step index and Graded Index Fibers
Eistein’s coefficients Principle of Optical fiber
Types of Lasers Communication
He-Ne Laser, Optical fiber Loss and attenuation
Semiconductor Laser Advantages
Applications of Laser Application of Optical fiber in
Communication and Industries
,Lasers and Characteristics
• LASER
--Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiations
• Components of LASER:
An active medium of the atoms or molecules
A mechanism for creating population inversion wherein w
require a greater population of electrons in an excited sta
that existed in a lower state.
A resonator or cavity which has resonant frequency equal
the photon frequency
,•Device: A laser is a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to em
light. It then amplifies this light to produce a focused beam of radiatio
Working Principle:
The process involves exciting electrons in a Gain Medium (like a cryst
gas, or glass), which then emit photons. These photons are amplified
create the powerful laser beam.
, Ground state and Excited
states:
• The lowest energy level for an individual atom occurs
its electrons are all in the nearest possible orbits
nucleus ,this energy level is called the “Ground state”
• When one or more of an atom’s electrons have abs
energy, they can move to outer orbits, and the at
then referred to as being excited, and that energy le
called as “Excited state.” Excited states are general
stable; as electrons drop from higher-energy to
energy levels, they emit the extra energy as light.
