National University
CAHINORC - INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [LEC]
NUR255
Name: Zardy Gabriel N. Andaya
CORNELL NOTES 10.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Notes
Write Key Reactions for Aldehydes
and Ketones CARBONYL GROUP
Carbonyl Group
What are Carbonyl Groups? - Carbon is double bonded to an
oxygen atom and single bonded
to two other atoms (either
hydrogen or carbon).
STRUCTURE OF CARBONYL
What is the General Structure of GROUP:
Carbonyl Group?
TWO TYPES OF CARBONYL
What are the Two types of Carbonyl FUNCTIONAL GROUP:
Functional Groups?
• Aldehydes
- Organic compounds that
What are Aldehydes? have at least one hydrogen
atom attached to the
carbonyl group.
• Ketones
What are Ketones?
- Organic compounds that
have two carbons
attached to the
carbonyl group.
REFLECTION
• Carbonyl Functional Groups is a class of Organic compounds where a carbon
atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded with other atoms.
• The General formula of Aldehydes is R-CHO or R-COH
• The General formula of Ketones is R-CO-R’
, CHEMICAL REACTIONS
What are the types of Aldehyde and TYPES OF ALDEHYDE AND
Ketone Reactions? KETONES REACTIONS
• Oxidation
Types of Oxidizing
reagent:
• Potassium Permanganate
What Oxidizing reagent is used to or Potassium (VI)
oxidized aldehydes into carboxylic Dichromate
acids? ‐ When aldehydes are
prepared by oxidizing
primary alcohols with
KMNO4 or K2 Cr2 O7 ,
the reaction may
continue and produce
carboxylic acid.
What is the general reaction of the
Oxidation of primary alcohol into
carboxylic acids?
Why can aldehydes oxidize with Differences in reactivity toward
potassium permanganate or oxidation is the chief reason why
potassium dichromate but ketones aldehydes and ketones are
cannot? classified in separate families.
What reagent is used to oxidize • Tollen’s Reagent
aldehydes into carboxylate salts?
‐ Mild oxidizing solution
containing Ag+ ions,
that oxidizes an
aldehyde into a
carboxylate salt.
What is the general reaction of the
Oxidation of aldehydes into
carboxylate salts?
REFLECTION
• Aldehydes can undergo oxidation reactions unlike Ketones.
• Different reagents are used to oxidize an aldehyde, which includes: Potassium
permanganate or Potassium dichromate (if the desired product is a carboxylic acid)
and Tollen’s Reagent (if the desired product is a carboxylate salt).
CAHINORC - INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [LEC]
NUR255
Name: Zardy Gabriel N. Andaya
CORNELL NOTES 10.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Notes
Write Key Reactions for Aldehydes
and Ketones CARBONYL GROUP
Carbonyl Group
What are Carbonyl Groups? - Carbon is double bonded to an
oxygen atom and single bonded
to two other atoms (either
hydrogen or carbon).
STRUCTURE OF CARBONYL
What is the General Structure of GROUP:
Carbonyl Group?
TWO TYPES OF CARBONYL
What are the Two types of Carbonyl FUNCTIONAL GROUP:
Functional Groups?
• Aldehydes
- Organic compounds that
What are Aldehydes? have at least one hydrogen
atom attached to the
carbonyl group.
• Ketones
What are Ketones?
- Organic compounds that
have two carbons
attached to the
carbonyl group.
REFLECTION
• Carbonyl Functional Groups is a class of Organic compounds where a carbon
atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded with other atoms.
• The General formula of Aldehydes is R-CHO or R-COH
• The General formula of Ketones is R-CO-R’
, CHEMICAL REACTIONS
What are the types of Aldehyde and TYPES OF ALDEHYDE AND
Ketone Reactions? KETONES REACTIONS
• Oxidation
Types of Oxidizing
reagent:
• Potassium Permanganate
What Oxidizing reagent is used to or Potassium (VI)
oxidized aldehydes into carboxylic Dichromate
acids? ‐ When aldehydes are
prepared by oxidizing
primary alcohols with
KMNO4 or K2 Cr2 O7 ,
the reaction may
continue and produce
carboxylic acid.
What is the general reaction of the
Oxidation of primary alcohol into
carboxylic acids?
Why can aldehydes oxidize with Differences in reactivity toward
potassium permanganate or oxidation is the chief reason why
potassium dichromate but ketones aldehydes and ketones are
cannot? classified in separate families.
What reagent is used to oxidize • Tollen’s Reagent
aldehydes into carboxylate salts?
‐ Mild oxidizing solution
containing Ag+ ions,
that oxidizes an
aldehyde into a
carboxylate salt.
What is the general reaction of the
Oxidation of aldehydes into
carboxylate salts?
REFLECTION
• Aldehydes can undergo oxidation reactions unlike Ketones.
• Different reagents are used to oxidize an aldehyde, which includes: Potassium
permanganate or Potassium dichromate (if the desired product is a carboxylic acid)
and Tollen’s Reagent (if the desired product is a carboxylate salt).
