Chapter 11: Social Psychology
Questions with Accurate Answers
Asch effect correct answer A form of conformity in which a group majority
influences individual judgments of unambiguous stimuli, as with line judgments.
autokinetic effect correct answer The perceived motion of a stationary dot of light
in a totally dark room; used by Muzafir Sherif to study the formation of group
norms.
bullying correct answer The act of tormenting others, in school classrooms or
work settings, by one or more others, for personal, sadistic pleasure. It qualifies as
a form of ordinary or everyday evil.
bystander intervention problem correct answer Laboratory and field study
analogues of the difficulties faced by bystanders in real emergency situations; The
likelihood of intervention decreases as the group size increases.
chameleon effect correct answer The tendency to mimic other people.
cognitive dissonance correct answer A highly motivating state in which people
have conflicting cognitions (or psychological discomfort), especially when their
voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes or values; When people's cognitions
and actions are in conflict, they often reduce the conflict by changing their
thinking, attitude and values, to fit their behavior.
cohesiveness correct answer Solidarity, loyalty and a sense of group membership;
(the more closely bonded a group is the more likely individual members of the
group will conform, i.e. peer pressure)
, conformity correct answer The tendency for people to adopt the behaviors,
attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group.
dehumanization correct answer The psychological process of thinking about
certain other people or group as less than human, like feared or hated animals. A
basic process in much prejudice and mass violence.
diffusion of personality correct answer Dilution or weakening of each group
member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all
group members or accepted by the leader.
discrimination correct answer A negative action taken against an individual as a
result his or her group or categorized membership. It is the behavior that
prejudice generates.
dispositionism correct answer A psychological orientation
that focuses primarily on the inner characteristics of individuals, such as
personality dispositions, values, character, and genetic makeup. Contrasted with
situationism, the focus is on external causes of behavior.
expectancy-value theory correct answer A social psychology theory that states
how people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential
value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the
relationship.
fundamental attribution error correct answer The tendency to overemphasize
internal/dispositional causes, and minimize external/situational pressures
Questions with Accurate Answers
Asch effect correct answer A form of conformity in which a group majority
influences individual judgments of unambiguous stimuli, as with line judgments.
autokinetic effect correct answer The perceived motion of a stationary dot of light
in a totally dark room; used by Muzafir Sherif to study the formation of group
norms.
bullying correct answer The act of tormenting others, in school classrooms or
work settings, by one or more others, for personal, sadistic pleasure. It qualifies as
a form of ordinary or everyday evil.
bystander intervention problem correct answer Laboratory and field study
analogues of the difficulties faced by bystanders in real emergency situations; The
likelihood of intervention decreases as the group size increases.
chameleon effect correct answer The tendency to mimic other people.
cognitive dissonance correct answer A highly motivating state in which people
have conflicting cognitions (or psychological discomfort), especially when their
voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes or values; When people's cognitions
and actions are in conflict, they often reduce the conflict by changing their
thinking, attitude and values, to fit their behavior.
cohesiveness correct answer Solidarity, loyalty and a sense of group membership;
(the more closely bonded a group is the more likely individual members of the
group will conform, i.e. peer pressure)
, conformity correct answer The tendency for people to adopt the behaviors,
attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group.
dehumanization correct answer The psychological process of thinking about
certain other people or group as less than human, like feared or hated animals. A
basic process in much prejudice and mass violence.
diffusion of personality correct answer Dilution or weakening of each group
member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all
group members or accepted by the leader.
discrimination correct answer A negative action taken against an individual as a
result his or her group or categorized membership. It is the behavior that
prejudice generates.
dispositionism correct answer A psychological orientation
that focuses primarily on the inner characteristics of individuals, such as
personality dispositions, values, character, and genetic makeup. Contrasted with
situationism, the focus is on external causes of behavior.
expectancy-value theory correct answer A social psychology theory that states
how people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential
value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the
relationship.
fundamental attribution error correct answer The tendency to overemphasize
internal/dispositional causes, and minimize external/situational pressures
