Page 1 of 61
SFSU BIOL 212 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 BANK
COMPLETE CURRENT TESTING QUESTION AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWER (VERIFIED)
GUARANTEED PASS/TOP-RATED A+.
SFSU BIOL 212
Ace your preparation for the SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam by
mastering key topics such as cellular metabolism, enzymes,
bioenergetics, membranes, and molecular biology concepts.
This exam evaluates your ability to apply foundational biological
principles to complex systems. It is designed for San Francisco
State University biology students completing upper-division or
core biology coursework.
Which of the following statements concerning propagation
of action potentials is TRUE?
a)The absolute refractory period dictates whether the
conduction is contiguous or salutatory
b) The action potentials can undergo spatial and temporal
summation
c) During contiguous conduction, localized current flow
causes hyper polarization of an adjacent portion of
membrane
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d) Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated fibers
e) more than one of the above is correct ...... ANSWER .......
more than one of the above is correct✓✓
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in
response to:
a) calcium ions from the ECF
b) arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
c) neurotransmitter binding to receptor
d) summation of potentials at the axon hillock ......
ANSWER ....... arrival of an action potential at the axon
terminal✓✓
When a monovalent cation channel is opened in a resting
cell, which of the following is TRUE?
a) Potassium moves faster than sodium because the
membrane is more permeable to potassium
b) Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both
sodium's concentration and electrical gradients
c) Potassium moves faster than sodium because potassium
is closer to equilibrium
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d) Sodium moves faster than potassium because the
sodium concentration gradient is steeper than the
potassium concentration gradient ...... ANSWER .......
Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both
sodium's concentration and electrical gradients✓✓
Which of the following characteristics of an action potential
is NOT a direct result of the membrane being refractory?
a) the fact that action potentials do not summate
b) the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the end of the
action potential
c) the maximum frequency of action potentials
d) the unidirectional propagation of action potentials in a
motor neuron ...... ANSWER ....... the magnitude of
hyperpolarization seen at the end of the action
potential✓✓
Paxil and Prozac are SSRIs, which help treat depression by:
a) acting as serotonin antagonists
b) increasing serotonin release by the pre-synaptic neuron
c) slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the
synaptic cleft
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d) enzymatically degrading serotonin in the synaptic cleft
...... ANSWER ....... slowing or blocking the reuptake of
serotonin from the synaptic cleft✓✓
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Graded potentials can sum over time but action potentials
cannot
b) Graded potentials do not have refractory periods, but
action potentials do
c) Graded potentials and action potentials are all-or-none
d) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas
e) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas of the membrane
through localized current flow ...... ANSWER ....... Graded
potentials and action potentials are all-or-none✓✓
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocks voltage-sensitive sodium
channels. Which of the following would be blocked by TTX?
a) Channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an excitatory
synapse
b) channels in the axon hillock
SFSU BIOL 212 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 BANK
COMPLETE CURRENT TESTING QUESTION AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWER (VERIFIED)
GUARANTEED PASS/TOP-RATED A+.
SFSU BIOL 212
Ace your preparation for the SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam by
mastering key topics such as cellular metabolism, enzymes,
bioenergetics, membranes, and molecular biology concepts.
This exam evaluates your ability to apply foundational biological
principles to complex systems. It is designed for San Francisco
State University biology students completing upper-division or
core biology coursework.
Which of the following statements concerning propagation
of action potentials is TRUE?
a)The absolute refractory period dictates whether the
conduction is contiguous or salutatory
b) The action potentials can undergo spatial and temporal
summation
c) During contiguous conduction, localized current flow
causes hyper polarization of an adjacent portion of
membrane
, Page 2 of 61
d) Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated fibers
e) more than one of the above is correct ...... ANSWER .......
more than one of the above is correct✓✓
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in
response to:
a) calcium ions from the ECF
b) arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
c) neurotransmitter binding to receptor
d) summation of potentials at the axon hillock ......
ANSWER ....... arrival of an action potential at the axon
terminal✓✓
When a monovalent cation channel is opened in a resting
cell, which of the following is TRUE?
a) Potassium moves faster than sodium because the
membrane is more permeable to potassium
b) Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both
sodium's concentration and electrical gradients
c) Potassium moves faster than sodium because potassium
is closer to equilibrium
, Page 3 of 61
d) Sodium moves faster than potassium because the
sodium concentration gradient is steeper than the
potassium concentration gradient ...... ANSWER .......
Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both
sodium's concentration and electrical gradients✓✓
Which of the following characteristics of an action potential
is NOT a direct result of the membrane being refractory?
a) the fact that action potentials do not summate
b) the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the end of the
action potential
c) the maximum frequency of action potentials
d) the unidirectional propagation of action potentials in a
motor neuron ...... ANSWER ....... the magnitude of
hyperpolarization seen at the end of the action
potential✓✓
Paxil and Prozac are SSRIs, which help treat depression by:
a) acting as serotonin antagonists
b) increasing serotonin release by the pre-synaptic neuron
c) slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the
synaptic cleft
, Page 4 of 61
d) enzymatically degrading serotonin in the synaptic cleft
...... ANSWER ....... slowing or blocking the reuptake of
serotonin from the synaptic cleft✓✓
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Graded potentials can sum over time but action potentials
cannot
b) Graded potentials do not have refractory periods, but
action potentials do
c) Graded potentials and action potentials are all-or-none
d) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas
e) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas of the membrane
through localized current flow ...... ANSWER ....... Graded
potentials and action potentials are all-or-none✓✓
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocks voltage-sensitive sodium
channels. Which of the following would be blocked by TTX?
a) Channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an excitatory
synapse
b) channels in the axon hillock
