UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S
PAPER 1: GENERAL PAPER ON TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
MODULE 9: PEOPLE, DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
TOPICS COVERED
• Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable
development goals.
• Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on
environment.
• Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution,
Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous,
electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
• Impacts of pollutants on human health.
• Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass,
Nuclear and Forests.
• Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
• Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change,
International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on
Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
1
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
1. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted in:
A. 1992
B. 2000
C. 2005
D. 2015
Explanation: MDGs were adopted at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000.
2. MDGs were originally intended to be achieved by:
A. 2010
B. 2015
C. 2020
D. 2030
Explanation: 2015 was the target year for MDGs.
3. The total number of Millennium Development Goals was:
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 10
Explanation: MDGs comprised eight global goals.
4. Which of the following was NOT an MDG?
A. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
B. Ensure environmental sustainability
C. Promote gender equality
D. Climate action
Explanation: Climate action is an SDG, not an MDG.
5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) came into force in:
A. 2012
B. 2014
C. 2015
D. 2016
Explanation: SDGs were adopted in September 2015.
6. SDGs are to be achieved by the year:
A. 2025
B. 2030
2
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
C. 2035
D. 2050
Explanation: SDGs align with the 2030 Agenda.
7. The total number of Sustainable Development Goals is:
A. 8
B. 12
C. 15
D. 17
Explanation: SDGs consist of 17 interconnected goals.
8. The SDGs are universally applicable to:
A. Only developing countries
B. Only least developed countries
C. Only UN member states
D. All countries regardless of development level
Explanation: SDGs are universal in nature.
9. Which concept best distinguishes SDGs from MDGs?
A. Economic growth
B. Environmental focus
C. Universality and integration
D. Foreign aid
Explanation: SDGs apply to all nations and integrate multiple dimensions.
10. The MDGs primarily focused on:
A. Environmental conservation
B. Human development in developing countries
C. Industrial growth
D. Urban planning
Explanation: MDGs targeted poverty, health, and education in developing regions.
11. SDGs emphasize which three dimensions of development?
A. Economic, political, technological
B. Social, cultural, ethical
C. Economic, social, environmental
D. National, regional, global
Explanation: Sustainable development balances these three pillars.
3
PAPER 1: GENERAL PAPER ON TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
MODULE 9: PEOPLE, DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
TOPICS COVERED
• Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable
development goals.
• Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on
environment.
• Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution,
Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous,
electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
• Impacts of pollutants on human health.
• Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass,
Nuclear and Forests.
• Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
• Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change,
International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on
Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
1
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
1. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted in:
A. 1992
B. 2000
C. 2005
D. 2015
Explanation: MDGs were adopted at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000.
2. MDGs were originally intended to be achieved by:
A. 2010
B. 2015
C. 2020
D. 2030
Explanation: 2015 was the target year for MDGs.
3. The total number of Millennium Development Goals was:
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 10
Explanation: MDGs comprised eight global goals.
4. Which of the following was NOT an MDG?
A. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
B. Ensure environmental sustainability
C. Promote gender equality
D. Climate action
Explanation: Climate action is an SDG, not an MDG.
5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) came into force in:
A. 2012
B. 2014
C. 2015
D. 2016
Explanation: SDGs were adopted in September 2015.
6. SDGs are to be achieved by the year:
A. 2025
B. 2030
2
, UGC NET-JRF MCQ’S | Alen Joy
C. 2035
D. 2050
Explanation: SDGs align with the 2030 Agenda.
7. The total number of Sustainable Development Goals is:
A. 8
B. 12
C. 15
D. 17
Explanation: SDGs consist of 17 interconnected goals.
8. The SDGs are universally applicable to:
A. Only developing countries
B. Only least developed countries
C. Only UN member states
D. All countries regardless of development level
Explanation: SDGs are universal in nature.
9. Which concept best distinguishes SDGs from MDGs?
A. Economic growth
B. Environmental focus
C. Universality and integration
D. Foreign aid
Explanation: SDGs apply to all nations and integrate multiple dimensions.
10. The MDGs primarily focused on:
A. Environmental conservation
B. Human development in developing countries
C. Industrial growth
D. Urban planning
Explanation: MDGs targeted poverty, health, and education in developing regions.
11. SDGs emphasize which three dimensions of development?
A. Economic, political, technological
B. Social, cultural, ethical
C. Economic, social, environmental
D. National, regional, global
Explanation: Sustainable development balances these three pillars.
3
