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Alkaliphiles
Glycolysis, Doorway to Krebs, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, and Oxidative
Phosphorylation.
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Aerobic Respiration
Does not require energy; substances exist in a gradient and move from areas of
higher concentration toward areas of lower concentration. Forms of passive transport:
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion. Note: transport is the movement of chemicals
across the cell membrane.
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Passive Transport
Obligate anaerobe- glycolysis & fermentation. Obligate aerobe- glycolysis &
Krebs/TCA cycle, ETC, and OP. Facultative anaerobe- glycolysis & fermentation
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Which metabolic pathways are used by an obligate aerobe, an obligate
anaerobe, a facultative anaerobe?
Result when organisms attach to a substrate by some form of extracellular matrix that
binds them together in complex organized layers.
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Biofilms
,Pertaining to the altered activity of an enzyme due to the binding of a molecule to a
region other than the enzyme's active site.
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Allosteric Site
Preferred temperatures for growth is determined by at what temp enzymes function
best. Acidity and Alkalinity affect the activity and integrity of enzymes and the
structural components of cells.
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Why do microbes have an optimum temperature and pH? Why won't they
grow equally well under all conditions?
Non-symbiotic relationship in which organisms are free living and relationships are
not required for survival. Members cooperate to produce a results that none of them
could do alone.
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Synergism
When the it is too acidic or too basic for an enzyme, its hydrogen bonds begin to
break, causing its active site to change its shape. An altered active site can't bind with
its substrate so enzyme activity decreases. If the pH is too unfavorable then covalent
bonds can break, causing the enzyme to denature.
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How does pH affect enzymes?
A preparation / linking step. Glycolysis produces pyruvate but the Kreb's Cycle will
only accept Acetyl CoA so the doorway step further metabolizes 2 pyruvate to 2
Acetyl CoA.
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Doorway in the Kreb's Cycle (TCA)
Gain of electrons corresponding to a gain of energy
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Reduction
Grow best at temps that range from room temperature to body temperature. Like
temps around 25-40°C
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Mosophiles
Reduction and Oxidation must occur together