1
StraighterLine BIO202 Anatomy & Physiology
II Final Exam Review | 2026
1. The epicardium - ANSWER covers the surface of the heart.
2. Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from -
ANSWER aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
3. What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - ANSWER
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
4. The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as -
ANSWER Starling Law of the heart.
5. Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER are maintained by an extensive capillary
network.
6. During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, -
ANSWER AV and semilunar valves are closed.
7. Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the
right ventricle can eject blood. - ANSWER pulmonary trunk
8. In the cardiac cycle, - ANSWER all four chambers of the heart are in
diastole at the same time.
9. What cardiac arrhythmia will have no QRS complex as a symptom? -
ANSWER ventricular fibrillation
10.Which of the following is administered to the people suffering from
myocardial infarction following onset of symptoms? - ANSWER Tissue
plasminogen activator (t-PA)
11.Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease? -
ANSWER chronic stress
12.Aortic stenosis results from - ANSWER a narrowed opening through the
aortic valve
, 2
13.An incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood
reaching the - ANSWER lungs
14.A patient has been diagnosed with mild heart disease. Tests show that some
of the coronary arteries are partially occluded. Which of the following is the
best course of action to treat the disease? - ANSWER Angioplasty
15.Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced - ANSWER blood supply to
cardiac muscle.
16.Type AB blood - ANSWER has both A and B antigens on the red cells
17.In the platelet release reaction, - ANSWER ADP and thromboxanes
stimulate other platelets to become activated.
18.The hematocrit is - ANSWER d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume
of blood.
19.What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? -
ANSWER Vitamin K
20.A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning
in - ANSWER a. protection.
21.The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - ANSWER oxyhemoglobin
22.The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the -
ANSWER c. leukocytes
23.Plasma - ANSWER. is the liquid matrix of the blood.
24.An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - ANSWER. prevent
clotting process.
25.On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER b. chromosome 11
26.Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______
tissue. - ANSWER e. connective
, 3
27.The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is
called - ANSWER b. diapedesis.
28.The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a
blood vessel. This is known as - ANSWER b. vascular spasm
29.The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when
_____ comes into contact with collagen. - ANSWER factor XII
30.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER regulation of pH
31.What is tissue thromboplastin? - ANSWER A compound released by
damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway
32.A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked
increase in the clotting time of blood? - ANSWER megakaryoblast
33.Macrophages are derived from - ANSWER monocytes
34.Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of
coagulation? - ANSWER conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
35.The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - ANSWER SA node
36.Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - ANSWER
Ventricles to great vessels
37.The adult heart averages ___________ grams. - ANSWER 250-300
38.Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the
death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial -
ANSWER infarction
39.What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body
temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions? -
ANSWER tachycardia
40.Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? - ANSWER veins
StraighterLine BIO202 Anatomy & Physiology
II Final Exam Review | 2026
1. The epicardium - ANSWER covers the surface of the heart.
2. Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from -
ANSWER aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
3. What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - ANSWER
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
4. The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as -
ANSWER Starling Law of the heart.
5. Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER are maintained by an extensive capillary
network.
6. During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, -
ANSWER AV and semilunar valves are closed.
7. Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the
right ventricle can eject blood. - ANSWER pulmonary trunk
8. In the cardiac cycle, - ANSWER all four chambers of the heart are in
diastole at the same time.
9. What cardiac arrhythmia will have no QRS complex as a symptom? -
ANSWER ventricular fibrillation
10.Which of the following is administered to the people suffering from
myocardial infarction following onset of symptoms? - ANSWER Tissue
plasminogen activator (t-PA)
11.Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease? -
ANSWER chronic stress
12.Aortic stenosis results from - ANSWER a narrowed opening through the
aortic valve
, 2
13.An incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood
reaching the - ANSWER lungs
14.A patient has been diagnosed with mild heart disease. Tests show that some
of the coronary arteries are partially occluded. Which of the following is the
best course of action to treat the disease? - ANSWER Angioplasty
15.Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced - ANSWER blood supply to
cardiac muscle.
16.Type AB blood - ANSWER has both A and B antigens on the red cells
17.In the platelet release reaction, - ANSWER ADP and thromboxanes
stimulate other platelets to become activated.
18.The hematocrit is - ANSWER d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume
of blood.
19.What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? -
ANSWER Vitamin K
20.A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning
in - ANSWER a. protection.
21.The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - ANSWER oxyhemoglobin
22.The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the -
ANSWER c. leukocytes
23.Plasma - ANSWER. is the liquid matrix of the blood.
24.An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - ANSWER. prevent
clotting process.
25.On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER b. chromosome 11
26.Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______
tissue. - ANSWER e. connective
, 3
27.The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is
called - ANSWER b. diapedesis.
28.The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a
blood vessel. This is known as - ANSWER b. vascular spasm
29.The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when
_____ comes into contact with collagen. - ANSWER factor XII
30.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER regulation of pH
31.What is tissue thromboplastin? - ANSWER A compound released by
damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway
32.A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked
increase in the clotting time of blood? - ANSWER megakaryoblast
33.Macrophages are derived from - ANSWER monocytes
34.Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of
coagulation? - ANSWER conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
35.The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - ANSWER SA node
36.Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - ANSWER
Ventricles to great vessels
37.The adult heart averages ___________ grams. - ANSWER 250-300
38.Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the
death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial -
ANSWER infarction
39.What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body
temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions? -
ANSWER tachycardia
40.Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? - ANSWER veins
