NSG 119 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |unpleasant |sensory |and |emotional |experience |associated |
with |actual |or |potential |tissue |damage |or |described |in |terms |of |such |damage. |whatever |the |
experiencing |person |says |it |is, |existing |whenever |he/she |says |it |does
transduction |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-noxious |stimuli |causes |cell |damage |with |the |
release |of |sensitizing |chemicals |(prostaglandins, |bradykinin, |serotonin, |substance |p, |
histamine). |these |substances |activate |nociceptors |and |lead |to |generation |of |action |potential
pain |pathway |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transduction, |transmission, |perception, |modulation
transmission |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-action |potential |continues |from |site |of |injury |to |
spinal |cord, |spinal |cord |to |brainstem |and |thalamus, |thalamus |to |cortex |for |processing
perception |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-conscious |experience |of |pain
modulation |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-neurons |originating |in |the |brainstem |descend |to |
the |spinal |cord |and |release |substances |(e.g. |endogenous |opioids) |that |inhibit |nociceptive |
impulses
characteristics |of |nerve |fibers |transmitting |painful |signals |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-some |are |
silent. |some |conduct |at |different |speeds. |some |have |myelin |while |others |do |not |
(nonmyelinated |are |more |easily |damaged)
what |pain |sensation |is |specific |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |fiber |stimulated
,A-delta |fibers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carry |sharp, |well |localized |pain
C |fibers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carry |poorly |localized |burn |and |ache |from |around |area |of |
injury
classification |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nociceptive |vs |neuropathic
types |of |nociceptive |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-somatic, |visceral
types |of |somatic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-superficial, |deep
types |of |neuropathic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-peripheral |neuropathies, |deafferentation |
pain, |sympathetically |maintained |pain
acute |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-time |limited. |cause |often |known. |diminishes |as |healing |
takes |place. |may |have |observable |signs
chronic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cause |may |not |be |known. |>3-6 |months. |depressive |signs
|and |symptoms. |autonomic |adaptation
breakthrough |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pain |that |occurs |above |the |pain |treated |by |current
|analgesics
physiologic |consequences |of |unrelieved |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-increased |HR, |cardiac |
output, |blood |pressure, |O2 |consumption. |decreased |cough, |immune |response, |gastric |and |
bowel |motility, |urinary |output. |hypoxemia. |impaired |cognitive |function. |urinary |retention
,overall |effect |of |unrelieved |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prevents |patients |from |doing |
activities |to |promote |health |and |prevent |complications
additional |consequences |of |persistent |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-depression, |hopelessness.
|impaired |mobility, |impaired |physical |function. |decreased |socialization. |cognitive |dysfunction. |
increased |health |care |utilization. |sleep |disturbances
those |at |risk |of |undertreatment |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |very |young |and |very |old. |
cognitively |impaired. |anyone |who |denies |their |pain. |language |differences |(non-English). |
different |culture. |history |of |substance |abuse
principles |of |pain |assessment |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-accept |and |respect |self-report |as |the |
single |most |reliable |indicator |of |pain. |ask |about |(screen |for) |pain |routinely. |assess |routinely |
and |when |pain |is |reported |or |suspected. |reassess |routinely |to |determine |response |to |
treatment |and |identify |changes |in |the |plan. |consider |individual |differences, |values, |and |beliefs
when |routinely |screening |for/asking |about |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-use |self-report |
whenever |possible. |use |a |standard |rating |scale |and |use |the |same |scale |each |time. |document |
and |track |pain |ratings. |act |on |unrelieved |pain
the |purpose |of |the |universal |screening |for |the |presence |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |
identify |the |presence |of |pain. |initiate |an |assessment |with |reports |of |pain
universal |screening |for |the |presence |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-scheduled |routinely |for |
all |patients. |use |a |standard |rating |scale |appropriate |for |each |person
the |single |most |reliable |indicator |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-self |report |of |pain
identifying |a |pain |intensity |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-must |be |reliable |and |valid, |easy |to |
use, |age |appropriate, |developmentally |appropriate, |culturally |appropriate
, advantages |of |the |NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-easy |to |use. |simple |to |
describe. |high |rate |of |adherence. |flexible |administration. |validated |for |numerous |settings |and |
pain |types
disadvantages |of |the |NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-less |reliable |for |
some |patients |such |as |very |young; |patients |with |visual, |hearing |or |cognitive |impairments
the |most |commonly |used |rating |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale)
advantages |of |the |VAS |(Visual |Analog |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-efficient |to |administer. |
valid |in |patients |with |chronic |pain, |older |than |age |5
disadvantages |of |the |VAS |(Visual |Analog |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-time-intensive |scoring.
|controversial |validity. |can |confuse |patient. |less |reliable |for |patients |with |cognitive |impairment
preferred |pain |scale |for |the |elderly |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale)
advantages |of |the |FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-perceived |as |easier |than |
NRS |or |VAS. |no |influence |of |culture, |gender, |or |ethnicity. |useful |in |individuals |with |difficulty |
communicating |(children, |elderly, |individuals |with |limited |language |fluency |or |education)
disadvantages |of |the |FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-potential |for |distorted |
assessment |due |to |tendency |of |patients |to |point |to |the |center |of |such |scales. |need |for |paper |
form
good |pain |scale |alternative |for |patients |with |communication |difficulties |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale)
Correct Answers
pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |unpleasant |sensory |and |emotional |experience |associated |
with |actual |or |potential |tissue |damage |or |described |in |terms |of |such |damage. |whatever |the |
experiencing |person |says |it |is, |existing |whenever |he/she |says |it |does
transduction |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-noxious |stimuli |causes |cell |damage |with |the |
release |of |sensitizing |chemicals |(prostaglandins, |bradykinin, |serotonin, |substance |p, |
histamine). |these |substances |activate |nociceptors |and |lead |to |generation |of |action |potential
pain |pathway |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transduction, |transmission, |perception, |modulation
transmission |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-action |potential |continues |from |site |of |injury |to |
spinal |cord, |spinal |cord |to |brainstem |and |thalamus, |thalamus |to |cortex |for |processing
perception |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-conscious |experience |of |pain
modulation |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-neurons |originating |in |the |brainstem |descend |to |
the |spinal |cord |and |release |substances |(e.g. |endogenous |opioids) |that |inhibit |nociceptive |
impulses
characteristics |of |nerve |fibers |transmitting |painful |signals |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-some |are |
silent. |some |conduct |at |different |speeds. |some |have |myelin |while |others |do |not |
(nonmyelinated |are |more |easily |damaged)
what |pain |sensation |is |specific |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |fiber |stimulated
,A-delta |fibers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carry |sharp, |well |localized |pain
C |fibers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carry |poorly |localized |burn |and |ache |from |around |area |of |
injury
classification |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nociceptive |vs |neuropathic
types |of |nociceptive |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-somatic, |visceral
types |of |somatic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-superficial, |deep
types |of |neuropathic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-peripheral |neuropathies, |deafferentation |
pain, |sympathetically |maintained |pain
acute |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-time |limited. |cause |often |known. |diminishes |as |healing |
takes |place. |may |have |observable |signs
chronic |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cause |may |not |be |known. |>3-6 |months. |depressive |signs
|and |symptoms. |autonomic |adaptation
breakthrough |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pain |that |occurs |above |the |pain |treated |by |current
|analgesics
physiologic |consequences |of |unrelieved |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-increased |HR, |cardiac |
output, |blood |pressure, |O2 |consumption. |decreased |cough, |immune |response, |gastric |and |
bowel |motility, |urinary |output. |hypoxemia. |impaired |cognitive |function. |urinary |retention
,overall |effect |of |unrelieved |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prevents |patients |from |doing |
activities |to |promote |health |and |prevent |complications
additional |consequences |of |persistent |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-depression, |hopelessness.
|impaired |mobility, |impaired |physical |function. |decreased |socialization. |cognitive |dysfunction. |
increased |health |care |utilization. |sleep |disturbances
those |at |risk |of |undertreatment |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |very |young |and |very |old. |
cognitively |impaired. |anyone |who |denies |their |pain. |language |differences |(non-English). |
different |culture. |history |of |substance |abuse
principles |of |pain |assessment |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-accept |and |respect |self-report |as |the |
single |most |reliable |indicator |of |pain. |ask |about |(screen |for) |pain |routinely. |assess |routinely |
and |when |pain |is |reported |or |suspected. |reassess |routinely |to |determine |response |to |
treatment |and |identify |changes |in |the |plan. |consider |individual |differences, |values, |and |beliefs
when |routinely |screening |for/asking |about |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-use |self-report |
whenever |possible. |use |a |standard |rating |scale |and |use |the |same |scale |each |time. |document |
and |track |pain |ratings. |act |on |unrelieved |pain
the |purpose |of |the |universal |screening |for |the |presence |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |
identify |the |presence |of |pain. |initiate |an |assessment |with |reports |of |pain
universal |screening |for |the |presence |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-scheduled |routinely |for |
all |patients. |use |a |standard |rating |scale |appropriate |for |each |person
the |single |most |reliable |indicator |of |pain |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-self |report |of |pain
identifying |a |pain |intensity |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-must |be |reliable |and |valid, |easy |to |
use, |age |appropriate, |developmentally |appropriate, |culturally |appropriate
, advantages |of |the |NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-easy |to |use. |simple |to |
describe. |high |rate |of |adherence. |flexible |administration. |validated |for |numerous |settings |and |
pain |types
disadvantages |of |the |NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-less |reliable |for |
some |patients |such |as |very |young; |patients |with |visual, |hearing |or |cognitive |impairments
the |most |commonly |used |rating |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-NRS |(Numeric |Rating |Scale)
advantages |of |the |VAS |(Visual |Analog |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-efficient |to |administer. |
valid |in |patients |with |chronic |pain, |older |than |age |5
disadvantages |of |the |VAS |(Visual |Analog |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-time-intensive |scoring.
|controversial |validity. |can |confuse |patient. |less |reliable |for |patients |with |cognitive |impairment
preferred |pain |scale |for |the |elderly |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale)
advantages |of |the |FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-perceived |as |easier |than |
NRS |or |VAS. |no |influence |of |culture, |gender, |or |ethnicity. |useful |in |individuals |with |difficulty |
communicating |(children, |elderly, |individuals |with |limited |language |fluency |or |education)
disadvantages |of |the |FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-potential |for |distorted |
assessment |due |to |tendency |of |patients |to |point |to |the |center |of |such |scales. |need |for |paper |
form
good |pain |scale |alternative |for |patients |with |communication |difficulties |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-FPS |(Faces |Pain |Scale)
