Measures how the kidney concentrates urine:
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Specific gravity
WBC Cast
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Interstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome Management in Children
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- Oral steroids for 2.5-3 months
- Management of edema: fluid and sodium restriction; diuretics
- Monitor BP
- Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation
- Diet
Relapses are treated with a short course of steroids and the patient is
weaned as soon as proteinuria resolves. During active disease, sodium
restrictions may be placed by the nephrologist. Non-corticosteroid
medication is started by a nephrologist if the child is steroid dependent,
steroid resistant or has frequent relapses.
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disease characterized by periods of
remission and relapse. It is important for the patient and parent to monitor
for proteinuria to identify relapse. Steroids are usually taken for 2.5-3 mo.
The prognosis is good with steroid responders, relapses decrease as the
child gets older.
Enzyme of WBC's, which indicates pyuria:
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Leukocyte esterace
Exam Blue Print 2
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, PED HTN:
Secondary causes most common and due to glomeronephritis d/t strept
CUSHINGS
Sx: humpback, moon face, stretch marks
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Regulate calcium (phosphorus goes the opposite way of calcium)
High calcium, low phosphorus, low TSH
TSH is used to diagnosis first
Hoshimotos is the most common cause of hypothyroidism- weight gain,
slow pulse, coarse hair, dry skin, goiter
Graves is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism- HTN and HR, loss of
hair
Graves can cause xaplmosis
Hypo tx with levothyrozine
Hyper tx with methamazole ( do not treat pregnant people with, switch to
PTU), beta blocker
THYROID
Palpate a nodule = ultrasound or iodine uptake scan
PROLACTINOMA
Dx: pituitary MRI
Sx: golactorrie, hirsutism, infertility, HA
Test: prolactin level
PROTEINUREA
Normal albumin-to-protein level is < 30
Diagnosis for hematuria is 3 RBC
DO not use a dipstick to diagnosis
RBC cast = glomerular level
Asymptomatic hematuria = referral
CKD
DX with GFR and albumin-to-Cr ratio
Stages of CKD
Fruity odor to breath?
KIDNEY STONES
CT scan is the definitive test
Calcium is most common
Give this one a try later!
Specific gravity
WBC Cast
Give this one a try later!
Interstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome Management in Children
,Give this one a try later!
- Oral steroids for 2.5-3 months
- Management of edema: fluid and sodium restriction; diuretics
- Monitor BP
- Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation
- Diet
Relapses are treated with a short course of steroids and the patient is
weaned as soon as proteinuria resolves. During active disease, sodium
restrictions may be placed by the nephrologist. Non-corticosteroid
medication is started by a nephrologist if the child is steroid dependent,
steroid resistant or has frequent relapses.
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disease characterized by periods of
remission and relapse. It is important for the patient and parent to monitor
for proteinuria to identify relapse. Steroids are usually taken for 2.5-3 mo.
The prognosis is good with steroid responders, relapses decrease as the
child gets older.
Enzyme of WBC's, which indicates pyuria:
Give this one a try later!
Leukocyte esterace
Exam Blue Print 2
Give this one a try later!
, PED HTN:
Secondary causes most common and due to glomeronephritis d/t strept
CUSHINGS
Sx: humpback, moon face, stretch marks
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Regulate calcium (phosphorus goes the opposite way of calcium)
High calcium, low phosphorus, low TSH
TSH is used to diagnosis first
Hoshimotos is the most common cause of hypothyroidism- weight gain,
slow pulse, coarse hair, dry skin, goiter
Graves is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism- HTN and HR, loss of
hair
Graves can cause xaplmosis
Hypo tx with levothyrozine
Hyper tx with methamazole ( do not treat pregnant people with, switch to
PTU), beta blocker
THYROID
Palpate a nodule = ultrasound or iodine uptake scan
PROLACTINOMA
Dx: pituitary MRI
Sx: golactorrie, hirsutism, infertility, HA
Test: prolactin level
PROTEINUREA
Normal albumin-to-protein level is < 30
Diagnosis for hematuria is 3 RBC
DO not use a dipstick to diagnosis
RBC cast = glomerular level
Asymptomatic hematuria = referral
CKD
DX with GFR and albumin-to-Cr ratio
Stages of CKD
Fruity odor to breath?
KIDNEY STONES
CT scan is the definitive test
Calcium is most common
