Question 1
CORRECT
An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense
hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic
reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
A 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
C 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
D 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
Question 1 Explanation:
To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple
carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of
fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple
carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above
normal, causing hyperglycemia.
Question 2
WRONG
A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on
initial assessment findings, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the
nursing diagnosis statement for this client, which “related-to” phrase should the nurse add?
Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic
fractures
Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic
rate
Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration
C into the interstitial spaces
D Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level
Question 2 Explanation:
Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This, in turn, may diminish
calcium stores in the bone, causing bone demineralization and setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a
risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism doesn’t accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level,
not an increased parathyroid hormone level, may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into
,the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia; therefore, it isn’t
associated with tetany.
Question 3
CORRECT
Nurse Joey is assigned to care for a postoperative male client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment
interview, the client reports that he’s impotent and says he’s concerned about its effect on his marriage. In
planning this client’s care, the most appropriate intervention would be to:
A Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality.
B Provide time for privacy.
C Provide support for the spouse or significant other.
Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate
professional.
Question 3 Explanation:
The nurse should refer this client to a sex counselor or other professional. Making appropriate referrals is a
valid part of planning the client’s care. The nurse doesn’t normally provide sex counseling.
Question 4
CORRECT
During a class on exercise for diabetic clients, a female client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise.
The nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to meet the goals of planned exercise?
A At least once a week
At least three times a week
C At least five times a week
D Every day
Question 4 Explanation:
Diabetic clients must exercise at least three times a week to meet the goals of planned exercise — lowering the
blood glucose level, reducing or maintaining the proper weight, increasing the serum high-density lipoprotein
level, decreasing serum triglyceride levels, reducing blood pressure, and minimizing stress. Exercising once a
week wouldn’t achieve these goals. Exercising more than three times a week, although beneficial, would
exceed the minimum requirement.
,Question 5
CORRECT
Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?
A Increased appetite and weight loss
Puffiness of the face and hands
C Nervousness and tremors
D Thyroid gland swelling
Question 5 Explanation:
Hypothyroidism (myxedema) causes facial puffiness, extremity edema, and weight gain. Signs and symptoms
of hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) include an increased appetite, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and
thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).
Question 6
CORRECT
A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily.
Which finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug
A Dysuria
B Leg cramps
Tachycardia
D Blurred vision
Question 6 Explanation:
Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is given to a client with hypothyroidism to simulate the effects of
thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The other options aren’t associated with
levothyroxine.
Question 7
CORRECT
A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness,
irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment
findings, nurse Richard would suspect which of the following disorders?
, A Diabetes mellitus
B Diabetes insipidus
C Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Question 7 Explanation:
Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone pain and weakness from
excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit hypercalciuria-causing polyuria. While clients with
diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also have polyuria, they don’t have bone pain and increased sleeping.
Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.
Question 8
CORRECT
When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse Juliet expects to administer:
vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic).
B furosemide (Lasix).
C regular insulin.
D 10% dextrose.
Question 8 Explanation:
Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production, the nurse
should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy. Furosemide, a diuretic, is
contraindicated because a client with diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to
treat diabetes mellitus and its complications, not diabetes insipidus.
Question 9
WRONG
The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?
A Excessive sodium intake
A pituitary adenoma
C Deficient potassium intake
CORRECT
An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense
hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic
reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
A 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
C 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
D 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
Question 1 Explanation:
To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple
carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of
fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple
carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above
normal, causing hyperglycemia.
Question 2
WRONG
A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on
initial assessment findings, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the
nursing diagnosis statement for this client, which “related-to” phrase should the nurse add?
Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic
fractures
Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic
rate
Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration
C into the interstitial spaces
D Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level
Question 2 Explanation:
Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This, in turn, may diminish
calcium stores in the bone, causing bone demineralization and setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a
risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism doesn’t accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level,
not an increased parathyroid hormone level, may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into
,the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia; therefore, it isn’t
associated with tetany.
Question 3
CORRECT
Nurse Joey is assigned to care for a postoperative male client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment
interview, the client reports that he’s impotent and says he’s concerned about its effect on his marriage. In
planning this client’s care, the most appropriate intervention would be to:
A Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality.
B Provide time for privacy.
C Provide support for the spouse or significant other.
Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate
professional.
Question 3 Explanation:
The nurse should refer this client to a sex counselor or other professional. Making appropriate referrals is a
valid part of planning the client’s care. The nurse doesn’t normally provide sex counseling.
Question 4
CORRECT
During a class on exercise for diabetic clients, a female client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise.
The nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to meet the goals of planned exercise?
A At least once a week
At least three times a week
C At least five times a week
D Every day
Question 4 Explanation:
Diabetic clients must exercise at least three times a week to meet the goals of planned exercise — lowering the
blood glucose level, reducing or maintaining the proper weight, increasing the serum high-density lipoprotein
level, decreasing serum triglyceride levels, reducing blood pressure, and minimizing stress. Exercising once a
week wouldn’t achieve these goals. Exercising more than three times a week, although beneficial, would
exceed the minimum requirement.
,Question 5
CORRECT
Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?
A Increased appetite and weight loss
Puffiness of the face and hands
C Nervousness and tremors
D Thyroid gland swelling
Question 5 Explanation:
Hypothyroidism (myxedema) causes facial puffiness, extremity edema, and weight gain. Signs and symptoms
of hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) include an increased appetite, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and
thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).
Question 6
CORRECT
A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily.
Which finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug
A Dysuria
B Leg cramps
Tachycardia
D Blurred vision
Question 6 Explanation:
Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is given to a client with hypothyroidism to simulate the effects of
thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The other options aren’t associated with
levothyroxine.
Question 7
CORRECT
A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness,
irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment
findings, nurse Richard would suspect which of the following disorders?
, A Diabetes mellitus
B Diabetes insipidus
C Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Question 7 Explanation:
Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone pain and weakness from
excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit hypercalciuria-causing polyuria. While clients with
diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also have polyuria, they don’t have bone pain and increased sleeping.
Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.
Question 8
CORRECT
When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse Juliet expects to administer:
vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic).
B furosemide (Lasix).
C regular insulin.
D 10% dextrose.
Question 8 Explanation:
Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production, the nurse
should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy. Furosemide, a diuretic, is
contraindicated because a client with diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to
treat diabetes mellitus and its complications, not diabetes insipidus.
Question 9
WRONG
The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?
A Excessive sodium intake
A pituitary adenoma
C Deficient potassium intake
