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the difference between the minimum and maximum scores in a given
dataset
IRB's purpose
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examine proposed experiments to ensure that participants (people and
animals) are treated ethically
using controls
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directly manipulating a factor of interest
the research process steps
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1. Find a problem/question
2. review the literature
3. consider theory
4. hypothesis
5. design the research project
6. conduct the experiment
7. analyze the data
8. interpret the data in terms of past research and theory
9. prepare the research report
10. share the findings: presentations and publications
References include
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, credit to the original author(s), providing an historical account of past work
Multimodal
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several high points
good research ideas are
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testable, have a chance of success (look at past literature/research), can be
found in a number of places (nonsystematic/systematic, social
context/norms and values, personal history, observations in everyday life,
etc.), can be directional or nondirectional
directional
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reflects a difference between groups, and the direction of the difference is
specified