INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER BY
YUNUS A CENGEL CHAPTERS 1 3 2026/2027 || THERMODYNAMICS
& HEAT TRANSFER FUNDAMENTALS || ENERGY SYSTEMS & LAWS ||
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS || VERIFIED ANSWERS ||
HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE || GRADED A+
First law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy cannot be
created or destroyed.
Second law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy has quality
as well as quantity. Processes occur in the direction of decreasing energy.
Closed system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system in which no matter is
allowed to enter or leave. Matter is fixed.
Isolated system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system that can exchange neither
energy nor matter with its surroundings.
Open system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system in which exchanges of matter
or energy occur across system boundaries.
e = E/m (kJ/kg) - CORRECT ANSWER -e = The total energy of a system on
the unit mass basis (pg. 9)
Heat transfer and work - CORRECT ANSWER -The only two forms of energy
interactions that are associated with a CLOSED SYSTEM.
ρ = m/V (kg/m^3) - CORRECT ANSWER -Density = mass per unit volume
(pg. 12)
, ρs = (ρ/ρwater) - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific gravity = the ratio of the
density of a substance compared to the density of another standard substance
such as water (pg. 12).
ν (nu) = V/m = 1/ρ (m^3/kg) - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific volume =
volume per unit mass (pg. 12)
Thermal equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -When two objects are at the
same temperature and no heat flows.
Mechanical equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -When there is no change in
pressure across a system.
Quasi-static/Quasi-equilibrium process - CORRECT ANSWER -A system that
remains infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state at all times. sufficiently
slow process that allows the system to adjust internally so the properties in one
part do not change faster than in another part.
Isothermal process - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at constant
TEMPERATURE.
Isobaric process - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at a constant
PRESSURE.
Isochoric/Isometric - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at constant
SPECIFIC VOLUME (nu v).
Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -The initial and final states are identical.
Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER -The amount of force exerted per unit area of
a surface.
YUNUS A CENGEL CHAPTERS 1 3 2026/2027 || THERMODYNAMICS
& HEAT TRANSFER FUNDAMENTALS || ENERGY SYSTEMS & LAWS ||
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS || VERIFIED ANSWERS ||
HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE || GRADED A+
First law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy cannot be
created or destroyed.
Second law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy has quality
as well as quantity. Processes occur in the direction of decreasing energy.
Closed system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system in which no matter is
allowed to enter or leave. Matter is fixed.
Isolated system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system that can exchange neither
energy nor matter with its surroundings.
Open system - CORRECT ANSWER -A system in which exchanges of matter
or energy occur across system boundaries.
e = E/m (kJ/kg) - CORRECT ANSWER -e = The total energy of a system on
the unit mass basis (pg. 9)
Heat transfer and work - CORRECT ANSWER -The only two forms of energy
interactions that are associated with a CLOSED SYSTEM.
ρ = m/V (kg/m^3) - CORRECT ANSWER -Density = mass per unit volume
(pg. 12)
, ρs = (ρ/ρwater) - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific gravity = the ratio of the
density of a substance compared to the density of another standard substance
such as water (pg. 12).
ν (nu) = V/m = 1/ρ (m^3/kg) - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific volume =
volume per unit mass (pg. 12)
Thermal equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -When two objects are at the
same temperature and no heat flows.
Mechanical equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -When there is no change in
pressure across a system.
Quasi-static/Quasi-equilibrium process - CORRECT ANSWER -A system that
remains infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state at all times. sufficiently
slow process that allows the system to adjust internally so the properties in one
part do not change faster than in another part.
Isothermal process - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at constant
TEMPERATURE.
Isobaric process - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at a constant
PRESSURE.
Isochoric/Isometric - CORRECT ANSWER -A process that occurs at constant
SPECIFIC VOLUME (nu v).
Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -The initial and final states are identical.
Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER -The amount of force exerted per unit area of
a surface.
