Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final exam
1. Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and
reproductive drugs:
Hormonal drugs are like messengers that regulate various body
functions, endocrine drugs specifically target the endocrine
system, and reproductive drugs focus on enhancing fertility or
treating reproductive disorders.
2. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system:
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic
junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
3. Identify examples of respiratory drugs:
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
decongestants
4. List which drugs are used to relieve pain and
inflammation:
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve
blocks
5. Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic
drugs:
Ophthalmic drugs are for the eyes and otic drugs are for the ears.
6. Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
drugs:
Cardiovascular drugs primarily target the heart and blood vessels
to manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure and angina
whereas gastrointestinal drugs focus on the digestive system to
address issues like acid reflux, ulcers and irritable bowel
syndrome. Cardiovascular drugs have more systemic effects
Toptutordocs
,while gastrointestinal drugs have more localized effects on the
digestive tract.
7. Describe how antiparasitic drugs work:
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their
growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
8. Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for
animal health:
Replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health due to
excessive use of antibiotics in livestock, reliance on natural
compounds for pharmaceutical research, and potential medicinal
uses of animal toxins.
9. Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory
control:
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing
the dates on which backordered items will be released from the
vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices
on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and
counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the
veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
10. Define: Agonist: Drug that has affinity for a
receptor/stimulates receptor into action
11. Define: Contraindication: A reason not to use a drug in a
particular situation
12. Define: Efficacy: the degree to which a drug produces its
desired response.
Toptutordocs
,13. Define: Over-the-counter drug: One that may be purchased
without prescription from a veterinarian
14. Define: Prescription Drug: One that must be used under the
supervision of a veterinarian
15. Define: Receptor: a group of specialized molecules on or in a
cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
16. Define: Therapeutic Index: expresses the relationship
between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
17. Define: Withdrawal Time: Amount of time that must elapse
between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from
patients’ tissues or products
18. Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship:
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the
owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
19. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med: Animal product,
plant material, minerals, synthetic products
20. What are 4 components of a drug regimen?: Dose, route,
frequency, and duration of administration.
21. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist:
1. vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in
relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with
its care.
3. Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Toptutordocs
, 22. Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the
administration of drug orders:
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label
three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and
should take care to administer correct dose by correct route.
Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse
side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
23. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes
from administration to excretion:
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the
drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state,
circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves
circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows
drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits
the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation,
and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then
transported to kidneys for excretion.
24. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a
patient:
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal,
intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical,
intradermal
25. List some of the factors that influence drug absorption:
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status,
absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug,
dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
26. Most biotransformation occurs in the_____: Liver
27. Most drug excretion occurs via the ______: Kidneys
Toptutordocs
1. Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and
reproductive drugs:
Hormonal drugs are like messengers that regulate various body
functions, endocrine drugs specifically target the endocrine
system, and reproductive drugs focus on enhancing fertility or
treating reproductive disorders.
2. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system:
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic
junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
3. Identify examples of respiratory drugs:
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
decongestants
4. List which drugs are used to relieve pain and
inflammation:
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve
blocks
5. Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic
drugs:
Ophthalmic drugs are for the eyes and otic drugs are for the ears.
6. Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
drugs:
Cardiovascular drugs primarily target the heart and blood vessels
to manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure and angina
whereas gastrointestinal drugs focus on the digestive system to
address issues like acid reflux, ulcers and irritable bowel
syndrome. Cardiovascular drugs have more systemic effects
Toptutordocs
,while gastrointestinal drugs have more localized effects on the
digestive tract.
7. Describe how antiparasitic drugs work:
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their
growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
8. Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for
animal health:
Replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health due to
excessive use of antibiotics in livestock, reliance on natural
compounds for pharmaceutical research, and potential medicinal
uses of animal toxins.
9. Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory
control:
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing
the dates on which backordered items will be released from the
vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices
on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and
counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the
veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
10. Define: Agonist: Drug that has affinity for a
receptor/stimulates receptor into action
11. Define: Contraindication: A reason not to use a drug in a
particular situation
12. Define: Efficacy: the degree to which a drug produces its
desired response.
Toptutordocs
,13. Define: Over-the-counter drug: One that may be purchased
without prescription from a veterinarian
14. Define: Prescription Drug: One that must be used under the
supervision of a veterinarian
15. Define: Receptor: a group of specialized molecules on or in a
cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
16. Define: Therapeutic Index: expresses the relationship
between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
17. Define: Withdrawal Time: Amount of time that must elapse
between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from
patients’ tissues or products
18. Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship:
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the
owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
19. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med: Animal product,
plant material, minerals, synthetic products
20. What are 4 components of a drug regimen?: Dose, route,
frequency, and duration of administration.
21. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist:
1. vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in
relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with
its care.
3. Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Toptutordocs
, 22. Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the
administration of drug orders:
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label
three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and
should take care to administer correct dose by correct route.
Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse
side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
23. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes
from administration to excretion:
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the
drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state,
circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves
circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows
drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits
the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation,
and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then
transported to kidneys for excretion.
24. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a
patient:
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal,
intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical,
intradermal
25. List some of the factors that influence drug absorption:
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status,
absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug,
dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
26. Most biotransformation occurs in the_____: Liver
27. Most drug excretion occurs via the ______: Kidneys
Toptutordocs
