EDF 3110 Exam 1 Review Questions And
Answers 2026
Developmental Science - Correct Answer-The study of constancy and change
throughout the lifespan
Plasticity - Correct Answer-Development is open to lifelong change, and change occurs
based on influential experiences. Who is more likely to recover from an accident? A 3
year old or a 46 year old? The 3 year old
Resilience - Correct Answer-The Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to
development
Factors In Resilience - Correct Answer-Personal characteristics, warm parental
relationship, social support outside family, community resources and opportunities
Three Influences of Development - Correct Answer-Age Graded Influences, History
Graded Influences, and Nonnormative Influences
Age Graded Influences - Correct Answer-Events that are strongly related to age and
therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last
History Graded Influences - Correct Answer-Explain why people born around the same
time (called cohort) tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at
other times
Nonnormative Influences - Correct Answer-Events that are irregular: They happen to
just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable
Psychoanalytic Perspective - Correct Answer-People move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How
these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with
others, and come with anxiety
Personality Development - Correct Answer-Freud's three parts of the personality: Id,
Ego, Superego
Id - Correct Answer-Largest portion of the mind, unconscious, present at birth, source of
biological needs/desires
Ego - Correct Answer-Conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy,
redirects id impulses in acceptable ways
, Super Ego - Correct Answer-The conscience, develops from ages 3 to 6 through
interactions with caregivers
Behaviorism - Correct Answer-Directly observable events, stimuli and responses, are
the appropriate focus of study
Classical Conditioning - Correct Answer-Associating a neutral stimulus with a stimulus
that leads to a reflexive response. Once the nervous system makes the connection
between the two stimuli the neutral stimulus alone produces the behavior
Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer-Theory that you can increase the frequency of
behaviors by using reinforcers and punishments
Reinforcers-Food, Praise, or a friendly smile - Correct Answer-...
Punishment - Correct Answer-Disapproval or withdrawal of privileges
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - Correct Answer-Brings together researchers
from psychology, biology, neuroscience and medicine to study the relationship between
changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive processing and behavior
patterns
Critical/ Sensitive Period - Correct Answer-A time tat is optimal for certain capacities to
emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences.
However, Its boundaries are less well defined than those of a critical period.
Development can occur later, but it is harder to induce.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory - Correct Answer-Views the person as
developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the
surrounding environment.
Microsystem - Correct Answer-Consists of activities and interaction patters in the
person's immediate surroundings
Mesosystem - Correct Answer-Second level of the model, encompasses connections
between microsystems
Exosystem - Correct Answer-Consists of social settings that do not contain the
developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate settings
Macrosystem - Correct Answer-Consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and
resources
Chronosystem - Correct Answer-Life changes can be imposed externally or alternatively
, can arise from within the person since individuals select, modify, and create many of
their own settings and experiences
Answers 2026
Developmental Science - Correct Answer-The study of constancy and change
throughout the lifespan
Plasticity - Correct Answer-Development is open to lifelong change, and change occurs
based on influential experiences. Who is more likely to recover from an accident? A 3
year old or a 46 year old? The 3 year old
Resilience - Correct Answer-The Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to
development
Factors In Resilience - Correct Answer-Personal characteristics, warm parental
relationship, social support outside family, community resources and opportunities
Three Influences of Development - Correct Answer-Age Graded Influences, History
Graded Influences, and Nonnormative Influences
Age Graded Influences - Correct Answer-Events that are strongly related to age and
therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last
History Graded Influences - Correct Answer-Explain why people born around the same
time (called cohort) tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at
other times
Nonnormative Influences - Correct Answer-Events that are irregular: They happen to
just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable
Psychoanalytic Perspective - Correct Answer-People move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How
these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with
others, and come with anxiety
Personality Development - Correct Answer-Freud's three parts of the personality: Id,
Ego, Superego
Id - Correct Answer-Largest portion of the mind, unconscious, present at birth, source of
biological needs/desires
Ego - Correct Answer-Conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy,
redirects id impulses in acceptable ways
, Super Ego - Correct Answer-The conscience, develops from ages 3 to 6 through
interactions with caregivers
Behaviorism - Correct Answer-Directly observable events, stimuli and responses, are
the appropriate focus of study
Classical Conditioning - Correct Answer-Associating a neutral stimulus with a stimulus
that leads to a reflexive response. Once the nervous system makes the connection
between the two stimuli the neutral stimulus alone produces the behavior
Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer-Theory that you can increase the frequency of
behaviors by using reinforcers and punishments
Reinforcers-Food, Praise, or a friendly smile - Correct Answer-...
Punishment - Correct Answer-Disapproval or withdrawal of privileges
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - Correct Answer-Brings together researchers
from psychology, biology, neuroscience and medicine to study the relationship between
changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive processing and behavior
patterns
Critical/ Sensitive Period - Correct Answer-A time tat is optimal for certain capacities to
emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences.
However, Its boundaries are less well defined than those of a critical period.
Development can occur later, but it is harder to induce.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory - Correct Answer-Views the person as
developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the
surrounding environment.
Microsystem - Correct Answer-Consists of activities and interaction patters in the
person's immediate surroundings
Mesosystem - Correct Answer-Second level of the model, encompasses connections
between microsystems
Exosystem - Correct Answer-Consists of social settings that do not contain the
developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate settings
Macrosystem - Correct Answer-Consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and
resources
Chronosystem - Correct Answer-Life changes can be imposed externally or alternatively
, can arise from within the person since individuals select, modify, and create many of
their own settings and experiences
