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Regis College NU606 Actual Exam
Questions and Answers with Rationales
2026/2027 | Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 | Pass Guarantee
Q001: A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion and
bilateral ankle edema. Echocardiography reveals a reduced left ventricular ejection
fraction of 35% and dilated cardiac chambers. Which cellular adaptation is
primarily responsible for the myocardial changes observed?
Options:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
ANSWER: B
Q002: During an acute myocardial infarction, irreversible cellular injury occurs
within 20–40 minutes in the core of the ischemic zone. Which pathophysiologic
mechanism best explains this rapid necrosis?
Options:
A. Anaerobic glycolysis activation
B. ATP depletion and membrane pump failure - CORRECT
C. Increased glycogen stores
D. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis
ANSWER: B
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Q003: A 30-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus develops sudden
chest pain and tachypnea. D-dimer is markedly elevated, and CT angiography
shows bilateral pulmonary emboli. Which component of Virchow’s triad is most
likely responsible for thrombus formation in this patient?
Options:
A. Endothelial injury
B. Hypercoagulability - CORRECT
C. Venous stasis
D. Turbulent flow
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 65-year-old patient with COPD presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Sputum culture grows Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which type
of inflammatory cell is predominantly recruited in the bronchoalveolar lavage
fluid?
Options:
A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils - CORRECT
C. Basophils
D. Lymphocytes
ANSWER: B
Q005: A 45-year-old female undergoes abdominal surgery. On post-op day 5 her
incision becomes erythematous and purulent. Which phase of wound healing is
most likely impaired?
Options:
A. Hemostasis
B. Inflammatory phase - CORRECT
C. Proliferative phase
, 3
D. Maturation phase
ANSWER: B
Q006: A 60-year-old diabetic patient presents with a non-healing foot ulcer.
Microscopic examination shows abundant granulation tissue but minimal epithelial
migration. Which growth factor is most deficient?
Options:
A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
B. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) - CORRECT
C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 50-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis develops ascites and peripheral
edema. Which pathophysiologic alteration is the primary cause of fluid
accumulation?
Options:
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure due to portal hypertension - CORRECT
B. Decreased capillary permeability
C. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
ANSWER: B
Q008: A 25-year-old male presents with severe dehydration after a marathon.
Serum sodium is 150 mEq/L. Which type of fluid imbalance does this represent?
Options:
A. Isotonic dehydration
B. Hypertonic dehydration - CORRECT
C. Hypotonic dehydration
Regis College NU606 Actual Exam
Questions and Answers with Rationales
2026/2027 | Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 | Pass Guarantee
Q001: A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion and
bilateral ankle edema. Echocardiography reveals a reduced left ventricular ejection
fraction of 35% and dilated cardiac chambers. Which cellular adaptation is
primarily responsible for the myocardial changes observed?
Options:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
ANSWER: B
Q002: During an acute myocardial infarction, irreversible cellular injury occurs
within 20–40 minutes in the core of the ischemic zone. Which pathophysiologic
mechanism best explains this rapid necrosis?
Options:
A. Anaerobic glycolysis activation
B. ATP depletion and membrane pump failure - CORRECT
C. Increased glycogen stores
D. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis
ANSWER: B
, 2
Q003: A 30-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus develops sudden
chest pain and tachypnea. D-dimer is markedly elevated, and CT angiography
shows bilateral pulmonary emboli. Which component of Virchow’s triad is most
likely responsible for thrombus formation in this patient?
Options:
A. Endothelial injury
B. Hypercoagulability - CORRECT
C. Venous stasis
D. Turbulent flow
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 65-year-old patient with COPD presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Sputum culture grows Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which type
of inflammatory cell is predominantly recruited in the bronchoalveolar lavage
fluid?
Options:
A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils - CORRECT
C. Basophils
D. Lymphocytes
ANSWER: B
Q005: A 45-year-old female undergoes abdominal surgery. On post-op day 5 her
incision becomes erythematous and purulent. Which phase of wound healing is
most likely impaired?
Options:
A. Hemostasis
B. Inflammatory phase - CORRECT
C. Proliferative phase
, 3
D. Maturation phase
ANSWER: B
Q006: A 60-year-old diabetic patient presents with a non-healing foot ulcer.
Microscopic examination shows abundant granulation tissue but minimal epithelial
migration. Which growth factor is most deficient?
Options:
A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
B. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) - CORRECT
C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 50-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis develops ascites and peripheral
edema. Which pathophysiologic alteration is the primary cause of fluid
accumulation?
Options:
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure due to portal hypertension - CORRECT
B. Decreased capillary permeability
C. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
ANSWER: B
Q008: A 25-year-old male presents with severe dehydration after a marathon.
Serum sodium is 150 mEq/L. Which type of fluid imbalance does this represent?
Options:
A. Isotonic dehydration
B. Hypertonic dehydration - CORRECT
C. Hypotonic dehydration
