COMMUNITY CHANGE AND NATURAL
LANDSCAPE
Succession
The replacement of one community by another; it often progresses to a
stable terminal community.
Examples of natural succession
1) Primary succession vegetation development starting from a new site never before
colonized by life.
2) Secondary succession plant succession taking place on sites that have already
supported life.
3) Aquatic succession the gradual conversion of lakes (or ponds) to forest ecosystems.
Major formation or biomes of the biosphere
1. Tundra areas in arctic and alpine (high mountains) regions characterized by bare ground,
absence of mosses, lichens, sedges, forbs and low shrubs.
2. Boreal forest coniferous forests of the cold temperate latitudes.
3. Steppes and prairies natural grasslands of the temperate zone
4. Savannah tropical grassland, usually with scattered trees or shrubs.
5. Temperate deciduous forest Oak forest of the mild temperate zone.
6. Desert – an area within which the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation most of
the time.
7. Tropical deciduous forest of dry monsoon seasonal tropics
8. Tropical rainforests
LANDSCAPE
Succession
The replacement of one community by another; it often progresses to a
stable terminal community.
Examples of natural succession
1) Primary succession vegetation development starting from a new site never before
colonized by life.
2) Secondary succession plant succession taking place on sites that have already
supported life.
3) Aquatic succession the gradual conversion of lakes (or ponds) to forest ecosystems.
Major formation or biomes of the biosphere
1. Tundra areas in arctic and alpine (high mountains) regions characterized by bare ground,
absence of mosses, lichens, sedges, forbs and low shrubs.
2. Boreal forest coniferous forests of the cold temperate latitudes.
3. Steppes and prairies natural grasslands of the temperate zone
4. Savannah tropical grassland, usually with scattered trees or shrubs.
5. Temperate deciduous forest Oak forest of the mild temperate zone.
6. Desert – an area within which the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation most of
the time.
7. Tropical deciduous forest of dry monsoon seasonal tropics
8. Tropical rainforests
