Straighterline Nutrition Final Exam –
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
A test tube technology that rearranges DNA sequences in an organism by cutting
the DNA, adding or deleting a DNA sequence, and rejoining DNA molecules with
a series of enzymes. - ANSWER -recombinant DNA technology
Any organism created by genetic engineering. - ANSWER -genetically modified
organism (GMO)
Organism that contains genes originally present in another organism - ANSWER -
transgenic organism
The primary category is the addition of a unique characteristic called an input trait
to a crop. These enhanced input traits include herbicide (weed killer) tolerance,
insect and virus protection, and tolerance to environmental stressors such as
drought. Other categories are value-added output traits, such as plant oils with
increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids, and crops that produce pharmaceuticals.
Scientists have engineered plants that grow with the use of less pesticides and new
forms of potatoes that can be stored longer without preservatives. In addition,
biotechnology allows scientists to create fruits and grains with greater amounts of
nutrients such as beta-carotene (e.g., "golden rice") and vitamins E and C.
Biotechnology is being used cautiously and conservatively, so benefits of the new
biotechnology will strike us as only subtly different. The ultimate benefits,
however, could be important if foods e - ANSWER -Biotechnology has been used
to enhance crops in three main categories.
Fluid contained within a cell; it represents about two-thirds of body fluid. -
ANSWER -Intracellular fluid
Fluid present out-side the cells; it represents about one-third of body fluid. -
ANSWER -Extracellular fluid
, For example, if blood volume decreases, water can move into the bloodstream
from the areas inside and around cells to increase blood volume. On the other
hand, if blood volume increases, water Page 341can shift out of the bloodstream
into cells and the surrounding areas, leading to edema - ANSWER -Cell
membranes are permeable to water (explain)
minerals that ave electrical charges and so are called electrolytes. Water is
attracted o ions, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, magnesium, and
calcium - ANSWER -The body controls the amount of water in the intracellular
and extracellular compartments mainly by controlling ion movement and
concentrations. Ions are:
sodium and potassium - ANSWER -Positive ions
chloride and phosphate - ANSWER -Negative ions
intracellular potassium and phosphate concentrations - ANSWER -Maintenance of
intracellular water volume depends primarily on
the extracellular sodium and chloride concentrations - ANSWER -Extracellular
water volume depends primarily on
The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated compartment to a more concentrated compartment. - ANSWER -
Osmosis
Distribution of nutrients
Removal of waste products
Temperature regulation
Lubrication
Cushioning
Medium for and participant in chemical reactions
Acid-base balance - ANSWER -Roles of Water in the Body
, (1) an ideal transport vehicle for nutrients and wastes and (2) a medium for many
chemical reactions of human metabolism. - ANSWER -Water is often called the
"universal solvent" because so many different solutes can be dissolved in it. This
property of water makes it
2.7 liters (11 cups) for adult women and 3.7 liters (15 cups) for adult men -
ANSWER -The Adequate Intake (AI) for total water is
Histidine, Isoleucine*,Leucine*, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
Tryptophan, Valine* - ANSWER -List amino essential acids:
Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Lysine, Aspartic acid Cysteine, Glutamic acid,
Glutamine, Glycine Proline, Serine, Trosine - ANSWER -Non-essential amino
acids:
The building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and
other atoms attached. - ANSWER -Amino acid
Amino acids with a branching carbon backbone; these are leucine, isoleucine, and
valine. All are essential amino acids. - ANSWER -Branched chain amino acid
Amino acids that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts;
there are 11 nonessential amino acids. These are also called dispensable amino
acids - ANSWER -Non-essential amino acids
Food and body compounds made of amino acids; proteins contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms in a specific
configuration. Proteins contain the form of nitrogen most easily used by the human
body. - ANSWER -Protein
11, 50 - ANSWER -Adults need only about __% of their total protein requirement
to be supplied by essential amino acids. Typically, __% of the amino acids in
dietary proteins are essential.
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
A test tube technology that rearranges DNA sequences in an organism by cutting
the DNA, adding or deleting a DNA sequence, and rejoining DNA molecules with
a series of enzymes. - ANSWER -recombinant DNA technology
Any organism created by genetic engineering. - ANSWER -genetically modified
organism (GMO)
Organism that contains genes originally present in another organism - ANSWER -
transgenic organism
The primary category is the addition of a unique characteristic called an input trait
to a crop. These enhanced input traits include herbicide (weed killer) tolerance,
insect and virus protection, and tolerance to environmental stressors such as
drought. Other categories are value-added output traits, such as plant oils with
increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids, and crops that produce pharmaceuticals.
Scientists have engineered plants that grow with the use of less pesticides and new
forms of potatoes that can be stored longer without preservatives. In addition,
biotechnology allows scientists to create fruits and grains with greater amounts of
nutrients such as beta-carotene (e.g., "golden rice") and vitamins E and C.
Biotechnology is being used cautiously and conservatively, so benefits of the new
biotechnology will strike us as only subtly different. The ultimate benefits,
however, could be important if foods e - ANSWER -Biotechnology has been used
to enhance crops in three main categories.
Fluid contained within a cell; it represents about two-thirds of body fluid. -
ANSWER -Intracellular fluid
Fluid present out-side the cells; it represents about one-third of body fluid. -
ANSWER -Extracellular fluid
, For example, if blood volume decreases, water can move into the bloodstream
from the areas inside and around cells to increase blood volume. On the other
hand, if blood volume increases, water Page 341can shift out of the bloodstream
into cells and the surrounding areas, leading to edema - ANSWER -Cell
membranes are permeable to water (explain)
minerals that ave electrical charges and so are called electrolytes. Water is
attracted o ions, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, magnesium, and
calcium - ANSWER -The body controls the amount of water in the intracellular
and extracellular compartments mainly by controlling ion movement and
concentrations. Ions are:
sodium and potassium - ANSWER -Positive ions
chloride and phosphate - ANSWER -Negative ions
intracellular potassium and phosphate concentrations - ANSWER -Maintenance of
intracellular water volume depends primarily on
the extracellular sodium and chloride concentrations - ANSWER -Extracellular
water volume depends primarily on
The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated compartment to a more concentrated compartment. - ANSWER -
Osmosis
Distribution of nutrients
Removal of waste products
Temperature regulation
Lubrication
Cushioning
Medium for and participant in chemical reactions
Acid-base balance - ANSWER -Roles of Water in the Body
, (1) an ideal transport vehicle for nutrients and wastes and (2) a medium for many
chemical reactions of human metabolism. - ANSWER -Water is often called the
"universal solvent" because so many different solutes can be dissolved in it. This
property of water makes it
2.7 liters (11 cups) for adult women and 3.7 liters (15 cups) for adult men -
ANSWER -The Adequate Intake (AI) for total water is
Histidine, Isoleucine*,Leucine*, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
Tryptophan, Valine* - ANSWER -List amino essential acids:
Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Lysine, Aspartic acid Cysteine, Glutamic acid,
Glutamine, Glycine Proline, Serine, Trosine - ANSWER -Non-essential amino
acids:
The building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and
other atoms attached. - ANSWER -Amino acid
Amino acids with a branching carbon backbone; these are leucine, isoleucine, and
valine. All are essential amino acids. - ANSWER -Branched chain amino acid
Amino acids that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts;
there are 11 nonessential amino acids. These are also called dispensable amino
acids - ANSWER -Non-essential amino acids
Food and body compounds made of amino acids; proteins contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms in a specific
configuration. Proteins contain the form of nitrogen most easily used by the human
body. - ANSWER -Protein
11, 50 - ANSWER -Adults need only about __% of their total protein requirement
to be supplied by essential amino acids. Typically, __% of the amino acids in
dietary proteins are essential.
