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1. 5 General TYPES of research - ANSWER 1. Basic
2. Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
2. Research - ANSWER generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical
understanding about primary human functions and other natural processes.
*Usually conducted by using rigorous research methods (e.g. experimental) under
tightly controlled laboratory conditions.
(opposite of applied)
3. Applied research - ANSWER answering real-world, practical questions in
order to provide relatively immediate solutions
,**conducted in more natural or real-world settings as opposed to basic research.
**results would potentially have practical implications for educational policy
**applied research studies often lead to intervention programs aimed at
improving societal conditions
4. Evaluation research - ANSWER determine how well social or educational
programs work in real-world settings, as well as any improvement possibilities
**determines the worth, merit, or quality of a specific program.
***two types of evaluation: formative & summative
5. Formative evaluation - ANSWER is concerned with developing judgments of
how a program can be improved and aids developers and staff design and
implement programs.
6. Summative evaulation - ANSWER focuses on cultivating judgements of a
programs effectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation.
**is especially helpful for policymakers to appraise previous future-funding
decisions and make future ones.
,7. 5 varieties of evaluation - based on a fundamental evaluation questions -
ANSWER 1. needs assessment - is there a need for this type of program?
2. theory assessment - is this program conceptualized in a way that it should
work?
3. implementation assessment - was this program implemented properly and
according to the program plan?
4. impact assessment - did this program have an impact on its intended targets?
5. efficiency assessment - is this program cost-effective?
8. Action research - ANSWER addressing and solving specific problems which
local practitioners confront their schools and communities, conducting research
directly within the classroom or work environment.
**useful because it helps practitioners integrate theory and research with
practice.
9. Orientational research - ANSWER collecting information to aid in advancing
a specific ideological, political position, or orientation that a researcher believes
will improve society.
*"giving voice" and increased power to the parties considered disadvantaged in
society
, 10. Common areas of orientational research - ANSWER - class stratification
(i.e. income and wealth inequality)
- gender inequality
- racial and ethic inequality
- sexual orientation inequality
- international inequality (i.e. rich and poor nations)
- disability rights and inequality
epistemology - ANSWER "theory of knowledge and its justification"
studying knowledge itself - including its nature, process of generation, how it is
necessary, and the standards that are used to judge its adequacy.
two main sources of knoweldge - ANSWER experience & reasoning
experience
- empiricism