Review Questions to practice for CSOWM
2025/2026 | 100+ Exam Questions &
Answers
1. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) accounts for about 80% of bariatric
procedures in the US and is usually done laparoscopically. During RYGB, a small part
of the proximal stomach is detached from the rest of the stomach, creating a
stomach pouch of < 30 mL. Which of the following preexisting conditions has
been shown to go into remission in up to 62% of patients 6 yr after RYGB?
a. Hypertension
b. Diabetes
c. Obesity
d. Obstructive Sleep Apnea:
Answer: B: Diabetes is particularly likely to remit. Remission rates are up to 62% after 6 yr. A and D: Other
comorbid conditions that tend to abate or resolve after bariatric surgery include cardiovascular risk factors (eg,
dyslipidemia, hypertension [A], diabetes), cardiovascular disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (D), osteoarthritis, and
depression. C: For RYGB, weight loss is 50 to 65% after 2 yr; weight loss after RYGB is
,maintained for up to 10 yr. All-cause mortality decreases by 25%, primarily because cardiovascular and cancer mortality is
reduced.
2. Which of the following procedures is being used increasingly in the US as
definitive treatment for severe obesity (eg, in patients with a body mass index
[BMI] > 60)?
a. Sleeve Gastrectomy
b. Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass
c. Adjustable Gastric Banding
d. Vertical Banded Gastroplasty:
Answer: A: Sleeve gastrectomy; because this procedure causes sub- stantial and sustained weight loss, it is being
used increasingly in the US as definitive treatment for severe obesity. Part of the stomach is removed, creating a tubular
stomach passage. The procedure does not involve anatomic changes to the small intestine. B: Nonetheless, Roux-en-Y gastric
bypass surgery accounts for about 80% of bariatric procedures in the US. C: Use of adjustable gastric banding has
dramatically decreased in the US. D: Vertical banded gastroplasty is no longer commonly done because complication rates
are high and the resulting weight loss is insuflcient.
3. Contraindications to bariatric surgery include which of the following?
a. Body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2
b. Current drug or alcohol abuse
c. Obstructive sleep apnea
d. High-risk lipid profile:
,Answer: B: Current drug or alcohol abuse. A: The use of bariatric surgery is controversial in patients with a
BMI < 30. C and D: To qualify for bariatric surgery, patients should have a BMI of >
, 40 or a BMI of > 35 plus a serious complication (eg, diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea [C], high-risk lipid
profile [D]).
4. Bariatric Surgery Key Points: Consider weight loss surgery if patients are motivated, have not succeed- ed
using nonsurgical treatments, and have a BMI of > 40 kg/m2 or a BMI of > 35 kg/m2 plus a serious complication (eg,
diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, high-risk lipid profile) or a BMI of 30 to 34.9 with type 2 diabetes and
inadequate glycemic control despite optimal lifestyle and medical therapy.
Weight loss surgery is contraindicated if patients have an uncontrolled psychiatric disorder (eg, major depression), drug or
alcohol abuse, cancer that is not in remission, or another life-threatening disorder or if they cannot comply with nutritional
requirements (including life-long vitamin replacement when indicated).
The most common procedures are sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; use of adjustable gastric banding has
decreased dramatically in the US.
Monitor patients regularly after surgery for maintenance of weight loss, resolution of weight-related comorbid disorders,
and complications of surgery (eg, nutritional deficiencies, metabolic bone disease, gout, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis,
depression, alcohol abuse).
5. Which of the following increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders in pa-
tients with obesity?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Excess abdominal fat
c. Psychological disorders
d. Gastric Ulcer:
2025/2026 | 100+ Exam Questions &
Answers
1. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) accounts for about 80% of bariatric
procedures in the US and is usually done laparoscopically. During RYGB, a small part
of the proximal stomach is detached from the rest of the stomach, creating a
stomach pouch of < 30 mL. Which of the following preexisting conditions has
been shown to go into remission in up to 62% of patients 6 yr after RYGB?
a. Hypertension
b. Diabetes
c. Obesity
d. Obstructive Sleep Apnea:
Answer: B: Diabetes is particularly likely to remit. Remission rates are up to 62% after 6 yr. A and D: Other
comorbid conditions that tend to abate or resolve after bariatric surgery include cardiovascular risk factors (eg,
dyslipidemia, hypertension [A], diabetes), cardiovascular disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (D), osteoarthritis, and
depression. C: For RYGB, weight loss is 50 to 65% after 2 yr; weight loss after RYGB is
,maintained for up to 10 yr. All-cause mortality decreases by 25%, primarily because cardiovascular and cancer mortality is
reduced.
2. Which of the following procedures is being used increasingly in the US as
definitive treatment for severe obesity (eg, in patients with a body mass index
[BMI] > 60)?
a. Sleeve Gastrectomy
b. Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass
c. Adjustable Gastric Banding
d. Vertical Banded Gastroplasty:
Answer: A: Sleeve gastrectomy; because this procedure causes sub- stantial and sustained weight loss, it is being
used increasingly in the US as definitive treatment for severe obesity. Part of the stomach is removed, creating a tubular
stomach passage. The procedure does not involve anatomic changes to the small intestine. B: Nonetheless, Roux-en-Y gastric
bypass surgery accounts for about 80% of bariatric procedures in the US. C: Use of adjustable gastric banding has
dramatically decreased in the US. D: Vertical banded gastroplasty is no longer commonly done because complication rates
are high and the resulting weight loss is insuflcient.
3. Contraindications to bariatric surgery include which of the following?
a. Body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2
b. Current drug or alcohol abuse
c. Obstructive sleep apnea
d. High-risk lipid profile:
,Answer: B: Current drug or alcohol abuse. A: The use of bariatric surgery is controversial in patients with a
BMI < 30. C and D: To qualify for bariatric surgery, patients should have a BMI of >
, 40 or a BMI of > 35 plus a serious complication (eg, diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea [C], high-risk lipid
profile [D]).
4. Bariatric Surgery Key Points: Consider weight loss surgery if patients are motivated, have not succeed- ed
using nonsurgical treatments, and have a BMI of > 40 kg/m2 or a BMI of > 35 kg/m2 plus a serious complication (eg,
diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, high-risk lipid profile) or a BMI of 30 to 34.9 with type 2 diabetes and
inadequate glycemic control despite optimal lifestyle and medical therapy.
Weight loss surgery is contraindicated if patients have an uncontrolled psychiatric disorder (eg, major depression), drug or
alcohol abuse, cancer that is not in remission, or another life-threatening disorder or if they cannot comply with nutritional
requirements (including life-long vitamin replacement when indicated).
The most common procedures are sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; use of adjustable gastric banding has
decreased dramatically in the US.
Monitor patients regularly after surgery for maintenance of weight loss, resolution of weight-related comorbid disorders,
and complications of surgery (eg, nutritional deficiencies, metabolic bone disease, gout, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis,
depression, alcohol abuse).
5. Which of the following increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders in pa-
tients with obesity?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Excess abdominal fat
c. Psychological disorders
d. Gastric Ulcer:
