NSG 3280 Unit 2 Practice Questions
1. A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who has been fasting for 48 hours. Which
sequence of metabolic processes best describes how the body is maintaining blood
glucose stability during this prolonged fasting state?
A. Glycogenesis followed by glycolysis, supported by increased insulin release.
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a decrease in insulin
and an increase in glucagon.
C. Lipolysis followed by glycolysis, triggered by parasympathetic nervous system
stimulation.
D. Amylin release inhibiting gastric emptying, thus preserving stored glucose.
2. A patient with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes experiences severe metabolic stress
due to a massive infection. The nurse anticipates which immediate metabolic response
will dominate, potentially leading to extreme hyperglycemia?
A. Rapid increase in growth hormone production to overcome existing peripheral
insulin resistance.
B. Decreased glucagon release and increased cellular utilization of glucose (Immediate
phase).
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to gluconeogenesis using
muscle protein stores.
D. Rapid increase in insulin production to overcome existing peripheral insulin
resistance.
3. Which clinical finding in a newly diagnosed diabetic patient is directly explained by
the physiological sequence of hyperglycemia leading to excess fluid loss?
A. Polyphagia, caused by the brain sensing that cells are not receiving adequate
glucose.
B. Polydipsia, resulting from polyuria-induced hypovolemia.
C. Increased abdominal obesity, a recognized symptom of metabolic syndrome.
D. Ketone body usage, reflecting the breakdown of fat into free fatty acids.
4. A nurse is educating a Type 2 diabetic patient about the role of Amylin. The nurse
should emphasize that Amylin contributes to glucose control primarily by which two
actions? (Select All That Apply)
,A. Preventing muscle and fat breakdown.
B. Causing the brain to inhibit gastric emptying.
C. Suppressing the release of glucagon.
D. Binding to receptors on the cell to trigger glucose uptake.
E. Promoting satiety.
5. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes begins a vigorous exercise routine. Initially (0-10
minutes), the nurse should recognize that the body relies on which metabolic
adjustment to meet the increased energy demand?
A. Insulin levels rise to immediately drive glucose into the muscle cells.
B. Glycogenesis accelerates to create stored energy.
C. Glucagon and catecholamines are released, promoting lipolysis and glycogenolysis.
D. Cellular resistance to insulin decreases significantly.
6. Which statement accurately differentiates the roles of Insulin and Glucagon in
glucose homeostasis?
A. Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis; Glucagon prevents muscle and fat breakdown.
B. Insulin is released in response to low glucose; Glucagon is released in response to
high glucose.
C. Insulin inhibits the liver from producing glucose; Glucagon stimulates the breakdown
of glycogen.
D. Insulin stimulates the alpha cells; Glucagon stimulates the beta cells.
7. A nurse is reviewing a new patient’s labs. The patient’s fasting glucose is 118 mg/dL,
and their HbA1c is 6.1%. The nurse should interpret these results as indicative of:
A. Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus.
B. Normal glucose regulation.
C. Prediabetes.
D. Severe Hypoglycemia.
, 8. Which hormones are categorized as counter-regulatory to insulin, promoting
increased blood glucose levels by stimulating either gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Corticosteroids
B. Amylin
C. Glucagon
D. Growth Hormone
E. Catecholamines
9. In a healthy individual who has just ingested a meal, the parasympathetic nervous
system plays a direct role in glucose regulation by initiating which action?
A. Stimulating alpha cells to release glucagon to manage incoming glucose.
B. Inhibiting the liver from performing glycogenesis.
C. Stimulating B-cells to release insulin.
D. Triggering the process of gluconeogenesis.
10. Which primary pathophysiological mechanism is responsible for the chronic state of
hyperglycemia seen in a patient newly diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Decreased number of insulin receptors leading to cellular resistance.
B. Glucagon suppression causing a reliance on fat stores for energy.
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B-cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency.
D. Insulin production increasing initially but eventually failing to overcome resistance.
11. A patient presents with classic signs of severe hyperglycemia, polyuria, and
polydipsia. The nurse suspects Type 1 Diabetes. Given the known pathophysiology,
which metabolic process continues unopposed, contributing significantly to the high
glucose levels?
A. Glycolysis.
B. Glycogenesis.
1. A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who has been fasting for 48 hours. Which
sequence of metabolic processes best describes how the body is maintaining blood
glucose stability during this prolonged fasting state?
A. Glycogenesis followed by glycolysis, supported by increased insulin release.
B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a decrease in insulin
and an increase in glucagon.
C. Lipolysis followed by glycolysis, triggered by parasympathetic nervous system
stimulation.
D. Amylin release inhibiting gastric emptying, thus preserving stored glucose.
2. A patient with poorly controlled Type 1 Diabetes experiences severe metabolic stress
due to a massive infection. The nurse anticipates which immediate metabolic response
will dominate, potentially leading to extreme hyperglycemia?
A. Rapid increase in growth hormone production to overcome existing peripheral
insulin resistance.
B. Decreased glucagon release and increased cellular utilization of glucose (Immediate
phase).
C. Increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, leading to gluconeogenesis using
muscle protein stores.
D. Rapid increase in insulin production to overcome existing peripheral insulin
resistance.
3. Which clinical finding in a newly diagnosed diabetic patient is directly explained by
the physiological sequence of hyperglycemia leading to excess fluid loss?
A. Polyphagia, caused by the brain sensing that cells are not receiving adequate
glucose.
B. Polydipsia, resulting from polyuria-induced hypovolemia.
C. Increased abdominal obesity, a recognized symptom of metabolic syndrome.
D. Ketone body usage, reflecting the breakdown of fat into free fatty acids.
4. A nurse is educating a Type 2 diabetic patient about the role of Amylin. The nurse
should emphasize that Amylin contributes to glucose control primarily by which two
actions? (Select All That Apply)
,A. Preventing muscle and fat breakdown.
B. Causing the brain to inhibit gastric emptying.
C. Suppressing the release of glucagon.
D. Binding to receptors on the cell to trigger glucose uptake.
E. Promoting satiety.
5. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes begins a vigorous exercise routine. Initially (0-10
minutes), the nurse should recognize that the body relies on which metabolic
adjustment to meet the increased energy demand?
A. Insulin levels rise to immediately drive glucose into the muscle cells.
B. Glycogenesis accelerates to create stored energy.
C. Glucagon and catecholamines are released, promoting lipolysis and glycogenolysis.
D. Cellular resistance to insulin decreases significantly.
6. Which statement accurately differentiates the roles of Insulin and Glucagon in
glucose homeostasis?
A. Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis; Glucagon prevents muscle and fat breakdown.
B. Insulin is released in response to low glucose; Glucagon is released in response to
high glucose.
C. Insulin inhibits the liver from producing glucose; Glucagon stimulates the breakdown
of glycogen.
D. Insulin stimulates the alpha cells; Glucagon stimulates the beta cells.
7. A nurse is reviewing a new patient’s labs. The patient’s fasting glucose is 118 mg/dL,
and their HbA1c is 6.1%. The nurse should interpret these results as indicative of:
A. Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus.
B. Normal glucose regulation.
C. Prediabetes.
D. Severe Hypoglycemia.
, 8. Which hormones are categorized as counter-regulatory to insulin, promoting
increased blood glucose levels by stimulating either gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Corticosteroids
B. Amylin
C. Glucagon
D. Growth Hormone
E. Catecholamines
9. In a healthy individual who has just ingested a meal, the parasympathetic nervous
system plays a direct role in glucose regulation by initiating which action?
A. Stimulating alpha cells to release glucagon to manage incoming glucose.
B. Inhibiting the liver from performing glycogenesis.
C. Stimulating B-cells to release insulin.
D. Triggering the process of gluconeogenesis.
10. Which primary pathophysiological mechanism is responsible for the chronic state of
hyperglycemia seen in a patient newly diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Decreased number of insulin receptors leading to cellular resistance.
B. Glucagon suppression causing a reliance on fat stores for energy.
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B-cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency.
D. Insulin production increasing initially but eventually failing to overcome resistance.
11. A patient presents with classic signs of severe hyperglycemia, polyuria, and
polydipsia. The nurse suspects Type 1 Diabetes. Given the known pathophysiology,
which metabolic process continues unopposed, contributing significantly to the high
glucose levels?
A. Glycolysis.
B. Glycogenesis.
