BIOS 252 – 85 Exam Questions with Answers – Brain, Spinal Cord, Reflexes, Cranial Nerves – 2025/2026 – Chamberlain University

This document includes a fully solved set of 85 exam questions and answers for BIOS 252 Exam 2 at Chamberlain University, designed for the 2025/2026 academic year. It is specifically structured to support students in nursing, pre-med, health sciences, biomedical sciences, and anatomy & physiology courses, providing clear and comprehensive review material for the central and peripheral nervous systems. Topics covered in depth include: Neuroanatomy and Brain Regions: structures and functions of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and associated gyri, sulci, fissures Cranial Nerves (I–XII): classification (sensory, motor, mixed), functions, branches of the facial nerve, and innervation zones Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine), alpha and beta receptors, adrenal glands Spinal Cord and Reflexes: gray vs. white matter, ascending and descending tracts, cervical and lumbar enlargements, meninges, CSF, reflex arc components, types of reflexes (stretch, patellar, flexor) Communication and Integration: Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, reticular activating system, medial lemniscus, corticospinal tracts Protective Structures: blood-brain barrier, meninges layers, cerebrospinal fluid flow, dermatomes Neurophysiology: roles of afferent/efferent fibers, integrating centers, neurotransmitter function, somatic vs. autonomic processing This review guide uses a question-and-answer format for active recall, helping students master both functional and structural aspects of the nervous system. It is ideal for final exam preparation, class quizzes, or licensing exams such as the NCLEX. Keywords: cranial nerves, spinal cord, gray matter, white matter, reflex arc, patellar reflex, flexor reflex, meninges, CSF, ANS, sympathetic, parasympathetic, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adrenal gland, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cerebrum, corpus callosum, central sulcus, spinal tracts, dermatome, ganglion, reticular formation, medulla oblongata, corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus