Bio 111 – 80 Final Exam Questions with Answers – Cells, Hormones, Muscles, Nervous System, Bones – 2025/2026 – ECPI

This document provides a complete and organized collection of 80 solved final exam questions and answers for Bio 111 at ECPI University, prepared for the 2025/2026 academic year. It is ideal for students pursuing degrees in nursing, biology, allied health, health sciences, or pre-med, especially those in foundational courses in human anatomy, physiology, and cellular biology. The content covers a broad range of high-yield topics that commonly appear on final exams, including: Cell biology: structures and functions of organelles (e.g., mitochondria, Golgi, nucleus), active vs passive transport, membranes, and genetic material (DNA, genes, genome) Endocrine system: hormone-producing glands (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes), hormone functions, and metabolic conditions like diabetes Muscular system: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle characteristics, movement, origin/insertion, and neurotransmitter involvement Skeletal system: types of bones (long, short, flat, irregular), bone marrow, bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts), joints (hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot), and bone tissue (compact, spongy) Nervous system: CNS vs PNS, sympathetic vs parasympathetic divisions, brain lobes and functions, spinal cord, and cerebellum Integumentary system: burn classifications (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree), skin structure Genetics & mitosis: chromosomes, mitosis stages, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and necrosis Vitamins & metabolism: functions of vitamins C and D, collagen formation, and calcium absorption The document uses a clear question-answer format for active recall and self-assessment, supporting students in mastering foundational concepts and preparing for cumulative exams or licensing tests like the HESI or NCLEX. Keywords: cell structure, cell organelles, DNA, genome, active transport, passive diffusion, mitosis, diabetes, insulin, hormones, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, thyroid, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, osteoblast, osteoclast, red marrow, yellow marrow, bone types, joints, nervous system, brain lobes, sympathetic, parasympathetic, spinal cord, vitamin D, vitamin C, apoptosis, necrosis, Bio 111, ECPI