MEGA CIBTAC Practice Exam Questions And
Answers on Anatomy, Physiology, Skin, Nails,
Nutrition & Infection Control
Describe Onychauxis - ANSWER -Thickening of the nail plate. Caused by
internal disorders, infection, and damage bellow the nail or consistent rubbing from
shoes. (Restrict)
Treatment: File nail smooth, buff and shape as normal Conta-indicated if infection
is present.
How many layers make up the Dermis? - ANSWER -middle layer of skin has 2
layers
epidermal ridges are what? - ANSWER -fingerprints seen in the stratum Corneum
(outermost layer of epidermis)
Subcutaneous/hypodermis is what? - ANSWER -the fatty layer of tissue located
beneath the dermis
Descibe Onychophagy - ANSWER -Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of
chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate. Exposing
the Hyponychium to infection.
(Restrict) Treatment concentrate on softening cuticles and buffing to encourage
growth, regular manicures, only improves when individuals stops biting.
Keratinisation is what? - ANSWER -Change into a form containing Keratin
Describe Onychotillomania - ANSWER -compulsive picking at the fingernails/
and or tried to tear them off. (Restrict.) Treatment seek medical advice to address
underlying psychological causes.
Describe Koilonychia - ANSWER -Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that
appear scooped out. Causes may include inherited abnormally, anaemia or over
,active thyroid. (Restrict) Treatment seek medical advice to treat the condition,
preform manicure gently and regularly.
Humectant is what? - ANSWER -substance that prevents moisture loss
Micronychia - ANSWER -anomalously small nail plate, otherwise normal
appearance.
(Restrict) Treatment as normal unless area is to small to treat.
Definition of Disinfection is? - ANSWER -A process that eliminates many or all
microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores
Describe onychomycosis - ANSWER -fungal infection of the nail, ringworm of
the nail caused by a fungus entering the nail at the free edge. Nail becomes
discoloured and thickened and can have a green tinge. (Contra-indicated.) Seek
medical advice.
Describe sterilization - ANSWER -The process that completely destroys all
microbial life, including spores.
Contagious means what? - ANSWER -Able to be passed easily from one person to
another.
Describe onychia - ANSWER -Inflammation of the nail matrix. Pus May form and
the nail bed may shed. Caused by the introduction of pathogens through small
wounds. The skin around the nail becomes red and swollen and inflamed. (Conta-
indicated.) Treatment seek medical advice
Describe Onychatrophia - ANSWER -Atrophy or wasting away of the nail. It will
gradually become smaller and smaller appears dull opaque and can waste away
completely. Caused by injury & disease.
(Conta-indicated) Seek medical advice, nail should be protected from detergents.D
non-contagious disease is what? - ANSWER -Diseases that are not able to be
spread from person to person.
, Stratum germinativum (basal layer) is found where? - ANSWER -Single row of
new skin layers bottom layer of the epidermis.
-Mitosis takes place here. Moisture content is 83%
Describe Warts - ANSWER -Generally appears on hands and fingers as raised
patches can become discoloured and rough, caused by a virus.
(Contra-indicated.) Treatment contagious and avoid treating seek medical advice.
Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) has what function? - ANSWER -7-10 layers of
cells, mostly keratinocytes with a few langerhans cells and some melanin granules.
Cells become separated slightly resulting in a spiny appearance.
- second layer in the epidermis
Describe Scabies - ANSWER -contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch
mite. Often found on arms and legs.
(Contra-indicated.) Treatment extremely contagious refer to GP immediately
stratum granulosum (granular layer) has what function? - ANSWER -3-5 cell
layers thick, Becoming very flat, Nucleus and organelles disintegrate, Accumulate
keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules. Cells die as receiving no
nourishment. Moisture approx 9-16%
-third/middle layer in the epidermis
Stratum lucidum (clear layer) has what function? - ANSWER -Appears as a clear
translucent band just above the stratum granuosum. 2 to 3 rows of flat, dead
keratinocytes. Only found in thick areas of skin
Stratum corneum (horny layer) has what function ? - ANSWER -20-30 layers of
dead flat cells
Makes up 3/4 of the entire epidermis
Cells are held together by intercellular cement
Parietal is found where? - ANSWER -Forms the back part of the roof of the sides
of the skull, meets in the middle of the skin
Answers on Anatomy, Physiology, Skin, Nails,
Nutrition & Infection Control
Describe Onychauxis - ANSWER -Thickening of the nail plate. Caused by
internal disorders, infection, and damage bellow the nail or consistent rubbing from
shoes. (Restrict)
Treatment: File nail smooth, buff and shape as normal Conta-indicated if infection
is present.
How many layers make up the Dermis? - ANSWER -middle layer of skin has 2
layers
epidermal ridges are what? - ANSWER -fingerprints seen in the stratum Corneum
(outermost layer of epidermis)
Subcutaneous/hypodermis is what? - ANSWER -the fatty layer of tissue located
beneath the dermis
Descibe Onychophagy - ANSWER -Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of
chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate. Exposing
the Hyponychium to infection.
(Restrict) Treatment concentrate on softening cuticles and buffing to encourage
growth, regular manicures, only improves when individuals stops biting.
Keratinisation is what? - ANSWER -Change into a form containing Keratin
Describe Onychotillomania - ANSWER -compulsive picking at the fingernails/
and or tried to tear them off. (Restrict.) Treatment seek medical advice to address
underlying psychological causes.
Describe Koilonychia - ANSWER -Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that
appear scooped out. Causes may include inherited abnormally, anaemia or over
,active thyroid. (Restrict) Treatment seek medical advice to treat the condition,
preform manicure gently and regularly.
Humectant is what? - ANSWER -substance that prevents moisture loss
Micronychia - ANSWER -anomalously small nail plate, otherwise normal
appearance.
(Restrict) Treatment as normal unless area is to small to treat.
Definition of Disinfection is? - ANSWER -A process that eliminates many or all
microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores
Describe onychomycosis - ANSWER -fungal infection of the nail, ringworm of
the nail caused by a fungus entering the nail at the free edge. Nail becomes
discoloured and thickened and can have a green tinge. (Contra-indicated.) Seek
medical advice.
Describe sterilization - ANSWER -The process that completely destroys all
microbial life, including spores.
Contagious means what? - ANSWER -Able to be passed easily from one person to
another.
Describe onychia - ANSWER -Inflammation of the nail matrix. Pus May form and
the nail bed may shed. Caused by the introduction of pathogens through small
wounds. The skin around the nail becomes red and swollen and inflamed. (Conta-
indicated.) Treatment seek medical advice
Describe Onychatrophia - ANSWER -Atrophy or wasting away of the nail. It will
gradually become smaller and smaller appears dull opaque and can waste away
completely. Caused by injury & disease.
(Conta-indicated) Seek medical advice, nail should be protected from detergents.D
non-contagious disease is what? - ANSWER -Diseases that are not able to be
spread from person to person.
, Stratum germinativum (basal layer) is found where? - ANSWER -Single row of
new skin layers bottom layer of the epidermis.
-Mitosis takes place here. Moisture content is 83%
Describe Warts - ANSWER -Generally appears on hands and fingers as raised
patches can become discoloured and rough, caused by a virus.
(Contra-indicated.) Treatment contagious and avoid treating seek medical advice.
Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) has what function? - ANSWER -7-10 layers of
cells, mostly keratinocytes with a few langerhans cells and some melanin granules.
Cells become separated slightly resulting in a spiny appearance.
- second layer in the epidermis
Describe Scabies - ANSWER -contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch
mite. Often found on arms and legs.
(Contra-indicated.) Treatment extremely contagious refer to GP immediately
stratum granulosum (granular layer) has what function? - ANSWER -3-5 cell
layers thick, Becoming very flat, Nucleus and organelles disintegrate, Accumulate
keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules. Cells die as receiving no
nourishment. Moisture approx 9-16%
-third/middle layer in the epidermis
Stratum lucidum (clear layer) has what function? - ANSWER -Appears as a clear
translucent band just above the stratum granuosum. 2 to 3 rows of flat, dead
keratinocytes. Only found in thick areas of skin
Stratum corneum (horny layer) has what function ? - ANSWER -20-30 layers of
dead flat cells
Makes up 3/4 of the entire epidermis
Cells are held together by intercellular cement
Parietal is found where? - ANSWER -Forms the back part of the roof of the sides
of the skull, meets in the middle of the skin
