NYU ADULT AND ELDER 1 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Older adults experience a change in sexual activity. Which best explains this
change?
A. The need to touch and be touched is decreased.
B. The sexual preferences of older adults are not as diverse.
C. Physical changes usually do not affect sexual functioning.
D. Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline. - ✔✔D
As a result of loss of a loved one or a chronic illness in themselves or their partner,
opportunities for sexual activity may decline.
✔✔You see a 76-year-old woman in the outpatient clinic. Her chief complaint is vision.
She states she has really noticed glare in the lights at home. Her vision is blurred; and
she is unable to play cards with her friends, read, or do her needlework. You suspect
that she may have:
A. Presbyopia.
B. Disengagement.
C. Cataract(s).
D. Depression. - ✔✔C
Cataracts normally result in blurred vision, sensitivity to glare, and gradual loss of vision.
Presbyopia is a common eye condition resulting in a person having difficulty adjusting to
near and far vision. The symptoms are not reflective of depression since her vision
affects her ability to interact. She has not chosen to avoid her friends. Disengagement is
a term referring to aging theory.
✔✔A nurse is caring for a patient preparing for discharge from the hospital the next day.
The patient does not read and has a hearing loss. His family caregiver will be visiting
before discharge. What can you do to facilitate the patient's understanding of his
discharge instructions? (Select all that apply.)
A. Speak loudly so the patient can hear you.
B. Sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial
expressions.
C. Present one idea or concept at a time.
D. Send a written copy of the instructions home with him and tell him to have the family
review them.
E. Include the family caregiver in the teaching session. - ✔✔B, C, E
Teaching and communication are more effective with older adults when you sit and face
the patient and present one idea or concept at a time. This requires planning. Speaking
,loudly can distort sound. Speak in a normal tone. Sending instructions is helpful but will
not directly facilitate the patient's own understanding. Sharing information with a
caregiver provides someone to clarify instructions
✔✔Taste buds atrophy and lose sensitivity, and appetite may decrease. As a result, the
older adult is less able to discern:
A. Spicy and bland foods.
B. Salty, sour, and bitter tastes.
C. Hot and cold food temperatures.
D. Moist and dry food preparations. - ✔✔B
Often an older adult uses "heavy" spices because of his or her inability to taste the food.
✔✔Kyphosis, a change in the musculoskeletal system, leads to:
A. Decreased bone density in the vertebrae and hips.
B. Increased risk for pathological stress fractures in the hips.
C. Changes in the configuration of the spine that affect the lungs and thorax.
D. Calcification of the bony tissues of the long bones such as in the legs and arm. -
✔✔C
This can also affect the ability of the patient to deep breath and cough effectively.
✔✔A 63-year-old patient is retiring from his job at an accounting firm where he was in a
management role for the past 20 years. He has been with the same company for 42
years and was a dedicated employee. His wife is a homemaker. She raised their five
children, babysits for her grandchildren as needed, and belongs to numerous church
committees. What are your major concerns for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. The loss of his work role
B. The risk of social isolation
C. A determination if the wife will need to start working
D. How the wife expects household tasks to be divided in the home in retirement
E. The age the patient chose to retire - ✔✔A, D
The psychosocial stresses of retirement are usually related to role changes with a
spouse or within the family and to loss of the work role. Often there are new
expectations of the retired person. This patient is not likely to become socially isolated
because of the size of the family. Whether the wife will have to work is not a major
concern at this time, nor is the age of the patient.
✔✔During a home health visit a nurse talks with a patient and his family caregiver about
the patient's medications. The patient has hypertension and renal disease. Which of the
following findings places him at risk for an adverse drug event? (Select all that apply.)
, A. Taking two medications for hypertension
B. Taking a total of eight different medications during the day.
C. Having one physician who reviews all medications
D. Patient's health history
E. Involvement of the caregiver in assisting with medication administration - ✔✔B
The patient is at risk for an adverse drug event (ADE) because of polypharmacy and his
history of renal disease, which affects drug excretion. Taking two medications for
hypertension is common. Having one physician review all medications and involving a
family caregiver are desirable and are safety factors for preventing ADEs.
✔✔You are caring for an 80-year-old man who recently lost his wife. He shares with you
that he has been drinking more than he ever did in the past and feels hopeless without
his wife. He reports that he rarely sees his children and feels isolated and alone. This
patient is at risk for:
A. Dementia.
B. Liver failure.
C. Dehydration.
D. Suicide. - ✔✔D
The patient is sharing that he is depressed. Key concepts include recent loss of his wife,
excessive drinking, hopelessness, and isolation, making him at risk for suicide.
✔✔You are working with an older adult after an acute hospitalization. Your goal is to
help this person be more in touch with time, place, and person. What might you try?
A. Reminiscence
B. Validation therapy
C. Reality orientation
D. Body image interventions - ✔✔C
Reality orientation is a communication technique that can help restore a sense of reality,
improve level of awareness, promote socialization, elevate independent functioning, and
minimize confusion.
✔✔A 71-year-old patient enters the emergency department after falling down stairs in
the home. The nurse is conducting a fall history with the patient and his wife. They live
in a one-level ranch home. He has had diabetes for over 15 years and experiences
some numbness in his feet. He wears bifocal glasses. His blood pressure is stable
around 130/70. The patient does not exercise regularly and complains of weakness in
his legs when climbing stairs. He is alert, oriented, and able to answer questions clearly.
What are the fall risk factors for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Presence of a chronic disease
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Older adults experience a change in sexual activity. Which best explains this
change?
A. The need to touch and be touched is decreased.
B. The sexual preferences of older adults are not as diverse.
C. Physical changes usually do not affect sexual functioning.
D. Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline. - ✔✔D
As a result of loss of a loved one or a chronic illness in themselves or their partner,
opportunities for sexual activity may decline.
✔✔You see a 76-year-old woman in the outpatient clinic. Her chief complaint is vision.
She states she has really noticed glare in the lights at home. Her vision is blurred; and
she is unable to play cards with her friends, read, or do her needlework. You suspect
that she may have:
A. Presbyopia.
B. Disengagement.
C. Cataract(s).
D. Depression. - ✔✔C
Cataracts normally result in blurred vision, sensitivity to glare, and gradual loss of vision.
Presbyopia is a common eye condition resulting in a person having difficulty adjusting to
near and far vision. The symptoms are not reflective of depression since her vision
affects her ability to interact. She has not chosen to avoid her friends. Disengagement is
a term referring to aging theory.
✔✔A nurse is caring for a patient preparing for discharge from the hospital the next day.
The patient does not read and has a hearing loss. His family caregiver will be visiting
before discharge. What can you do to facilitate the patient's understanding of his
discharge instructions? (Select all that apply.)
A. Speak loudly so the patient can hear you.
B. Sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial
expressions.
C. Present one idea or concept at a time.
D. Send a written copy of the instructions home with him and tell him to have the family
review them.
E. Include the family caregiver in the teaching session. - ✔✔B, C, E
Teaching and communication are more effective with older adults when you sit and face
the patient and present one idea or concept at a time. This requires planning. Speaking
,loudly can distort sound. Speak in a normal tone. Sending instructions is helpful but will
not directly facilitate the patient's own understanding. Sharing information with a
caregiver provides someone to clarify instructions
✔✔Taste buds atrophy and lose sensitivity, and appetite may decrease. As a result, the
older adult is less able to discern:
A. Spicy and bland foods.
B. Salty, sour, and bitter tastes.
C. Hot and cold food temperatures.
D. Moist and dry food preparations. - ✔✔B
Often an older adult uses "heavy" spices because of his or her inability to taste the food.
✔✔Kyphosis, a change in the musculoskeletal system, leads to:
A. Decreased bone density in the vertebrae and hips.
B. Increased risk for pathological stress fractures in the hips.
C. Changes in the configuration of the spine that affect the lungs and thorax.
D. Calcification of the bony tissues of the long bones such as in the legs and arm. -
✔✔C
This can also affect the ability of the patient to deep breath and cough effectively.
✔✔A 63-year-old patient is retiring from his job at an accounting firm where he was in a
management role for the past 20 years. He has been with the same company for 42
years and was a dedicated employee. His wife is a homemaker. She raised their five
children, babysits for her grandchildren as needed, and belongs to numerous church
committees. What are your major concerns for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. The loss of his work role
B. The risk of social isolation
C. A determination if the wife will need to start working
D. How the wife expects household tasks to be divided in the home in retirement
E. The age the patient chose to retire - ✔✔A, D
The psychosocial stresses of retirement are usually related to role changes with a
spouse or within the family and to loss of the work role. Often there are new
expectations of the retired person. This patient is not likely to become socially isolated
because of the size of the family. Whether the wife will have to work is not a major
concern at this time, nor is the age of the patient.
✔✔During a home health visit a nurse talks with a patient and his family caregiver about
the patient's medications. The patient has hypertension and renal disease. Which of the
following findings places him at risk for an adverse drug event? (Select all that apply.)
, A. Taking two medications for hypertension
B. Taking a total of eight different medications during the day.
C. Having one physician who reviews all medications
D. Patient's health history
E. Involvement of the caregiver in assisting with medication administration - ✔✔B
The patient is at risk for an adverse drug event (ADE) because of polypharmacy and his
history of renal disease, which affects drug excretion. Taking two medications for
hypertension is common. Having one physician review all medications and involving a
family caregiver are desirable and are safety factors for preventing ADEs.
✔✔You are caring for an 80-year-old man who recently lost his wife. He shares with you
that he has been drinking more than he ever did in the past and feels hopeless without
his wife. He reports that he rarely sees his children and feels isolated and alone. This
patient is at risk for:
A. Dementia.
B. Liver failure.
C. Dehydration.
D. Suicide. - ✔✔D
The patient is sharing that he is depressed. Key concepts include recent loss of his wife,
excessive drinking, hopelessness, and isolation, making him at risk for suicide.
✔✔You are working with an older adult after an acute hospitalization. Your goal is to
help this person be more in touch with time, place, and person. What might you try?
A. Reminiscence
B. Validation therapy
C. Reality orientation
D. Body image interventions - ✔✔C
Reality orientation is a communication technique that can help restore a sense of reality,
improve level of awareness, promote socialization, elevate independent functioning, and
minimize confusion.
✔✔A 71-year-old patient enters the emergency department after falling down stairs in
the home. The nurse is conducting a fall history with the patient and his wife. They live
in a one-level ranch home. He has had diabetes for over 15 years and experiences
some numbness in his feet. He wears bifocal glasses. His blood pressure is stable
around 130/70. The patient does not exercise regularly and complains of weakness in
his legs when climbing stairs. He is alert, oriented, and able to answer questions clearly.
What are the fall risk factors for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Presence of a chronic disease
