SPECIAL FUNCTION OFFICER 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Graham v. Connor - ✔✔A legal case establishing criteria for evaluating the use of
force, focusing on severity of crime, immediacy of threat, and active resistance or
evasion.
✔✔Critical-Decision Making Model (CDM) - ✔✔A framework guiding decision-making
that includes collecting information, assessing threats, determining legal authority,
choosing the best option, acting, and reassessing.
✔✔OODA Loop - ✔✔A decision-making process consisting of Observation, Orientation,
Decision making, and Action.
✔✔Amendment-based training model (ABT) - ✔✔A model that uses suspect behavior
as cues for decision-making, focusing on crime severity, resistance, and immediate
threat.
✔✔Proportionality - ✔✔The principle that the level of force used must be appropriate to
the threat faced.
✔✔Sanctity of life - ✔✔The principle that human life is valuable and must be preserved
whenever possible.
✔✔Tactical disengagement - ✔✔The strategy of withdrawing from a confrontation to
avoid escalation.
✔✔Workplace conflict management techniques - ✔✔Methods used to address and
resolve conflicts in a work environment.
✔✔Law enforcement encounters skills - ✔✔Specific techniques used by law
enforcement to manage conflicts during interactions.
✔✔Scenario evaluation - ✔✔An assessment method to measure conflict management
skills in practical situations.
✔✔Prerequisites for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Completion of Conflict Management
VI and Defensive Tactics courses before scenario practical.
✔✔Assessment methods in conflict management course - ✔✔Evaluation through
academic assessments, scenario evaluations, and cadet performance reviews.
✔✔Course Direction for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Designed to introduce cadets to
conflict management, emphasizing discussion and group activities.
,✔✔Learning Objectives for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Goals for cadets to identify
and describe workplace conflict management techniques.
✔✔Immediate threat - ✔✔A condition where the subject poses a direct risk to the safety
of officers or others.
✔✔Active resistance - ✔✔Behavior exhibited by a subject who is physically resisting law
enforcement efforts.
✔✔Evasion - ✔✔Actions taken by a subject to avoid apprehension or contact with law
enforcement.
✔✔Seriousness of crime - ✔✔The degree of severity associated with a criminal act,
influencing the response of law enforcement.
✔✔Danger to community - ✔✔The potential risk a subject poses to the general public
during law enforcement encounters.
✔✔Task-based conflict - ✔✔One or more team members fail to complete part of
assignment
✔✔Leadership conflict - ✔✔Differences due to leadership styles
✔✔Workstyle conflict - ✔✔Team members have different preferences how tasks are
accomplished
✔✔Personality clashes - ✔✔Differences in personality among team members
✔✔Forming - ✔✔Team establishes, create team goals, rules, and roles
✔✔Storming - ✔✔Team openly shares ideas
✔✔Norming - ✔✔Team begins to bond
✔✔Performing - ✔✔Team becomes high performing machine
✔✔Adjourning - ✔✔Team debriefs on accomplishments, complications, and how to fix
for future
✔✔Five c's to handle workplace conflict - ✔✔Carefully listen, Considerately or carefully
look at situation, Calmly discuss conflicting perspectives, Conscientiously look at the
facts, Cooperatively work together
, ✔✔Course of action to deal with conflict - ✔✔Must plan before arriving at conflict,
Create a backup plan
✔✔Techniques to mitigate officer safety issues - ✔✔Tactical disengagement, Distance
+ Cover = Time, May need to walk away if no laws have been broken or no person or
property is in danger.
✔✔Techniques in preventing escalation - ✔✔Understand what escalation is and
consequences, Respond vs. react, Use available communication skills (LEAPS),
Understand how to deflect (Don't take things personally)
✔✔Techniques to de-escalate a situation - ✔✔Containment - Create a zone of safety
that limits a subject's movement, Establish proper scene control, Slow down encounters
through the use of time, space, and communication, Treat people with dignity and
respect, Ask rather than tell, Present options
✔✔Need for communicating a necessity of the use of force - ✔✔Articulate objective
necessity for the use of force, Communicate concepts of reasonableness and reaction
time
✔✔Demonstrate techniques in preventing escalation - ✔✔Demonstrate techniques in
preventing escalation
✔✔Demonstrate techniques to de-escalate a situation - ✔✔Demonstrate techniques to
de-escalate a situation
✔✔Explain in debriefing the conflict management techniques deployed - ✔✔Explain in
debriefing the conflict management techniques deployed
✔✔Support in a debrief the justification for the use of force - ✔✔Support in a debrief the
justification for the use of force if applicable
✔✔Impact of children exposed to violence - ✔✔Understand the impact of children
exposed to violence
✔✔Traumatic reactions associated with traumatic stress - ✔✔Identify traumatic
reactions associated with traumatic stress
✔✔Development stages of childhood - ✔✔Understand the different development stages
of childhood and how peace officers can have a trauma-informed approach
✔✔Help children exposed to violence - ✔✔Identify how peace officers can help children
exposed to violence and their caregivers
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Graham v. Connor - ✔✔A legal case establishing criteria for evaluating the use of
force, focusing on severity of crime, immediacy of threat, and active resistance or
evasion.
✔✔Critical-Decision Making Model (CDM) - ✔✔A framework guiding decision-making
that includes collecting information, assessing threats, determining legal authority,
choosing the best option, acting, and reassessing.
✔✔OODA Loop - ✔✔A decision-making process consisting of Observation, Orientation,
Decision making, and Action.
✔✔Amendment-based training model (ABT) - ✔✔A model that uses suspect behavior
as cues for decision-making, focusing on crime severity, resistance, and immediate
threat.
✔✔Proportionality - ✔✔The principle that the level of force used must be appropriate to
the threat faced.
✔✔Sanctity of life - ✔✔The principle that human life is valuable and must be preserved
whenever possible.
✔✔Tactical disengagement - ✔✔The strategy of withdrawing from a confrontation to
avoid escalation.
✔✔Workplace conflict management techniques - ✔✔Methods used to address and
resolve conflicts in a work environment.
✔✔Law enforcement encounters skills - ✔✔Specific techniques used by law
enforcement to manage conflicts during interactions.
✔✔Scenario evaluation - ✔✔An assessment method to measure conflict management
skills in practical situations.
✔✔Prerequisites for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Completion of Conflict Management
VI and Defensive Tactics courses before scenario practical.
✔✔Assessment methods in conflict management course - ✔✔Evaluation through
academic assessments, scenario evaluations, and cadet performance reviews.
✔✔Course Direction for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Designed to introduce cadets to
conflict management, emphasizing discussion and group activities.
,✔✔Learning Objectives for Conflict Management VI - ✔✔Goals for cadets to identify
and describe workplace conflict management techniques.
✔✔Immediate threat - ✔✔A condition where the subject poses a direct risk to the safety
of officers or others.
✔✔Active resistance - ✔✔Behavior exhibited by a subject who is physically resisting law
enforcement efforts.
✔✔Evasion - ✔✔Actions taken by a subject to avoid apprehension or contact with law
enforcement.
✔✔Seriousness of crime - ✔✔The degree of severity associated with a criminal act,
influencing the response of law enforcement.
✔✔Danger to community - ✔✔The potential risk a subject poses to the general public
during law enforcement encounters.
✔✔Task-based conflict - ✔✔One or more team members fail to complete part of
assignment
✔✔Leadership conflict - ✔✔Differences due to leadership styles
✔✔Workstyle conflict - ✔✔Team members have different preferences how tasks are
accomplished
✔✔Personality clashes - ✔✔Differences in personality among team members
✔✔Forming - ✔✔Team establishes, create team goals, rules, and roles
✔✔Storming - ✔✔Team openly shares ideas
✔✔Norming - ✔✔Team begins to bond
✔✔Performing - ✔✔Team becomes high performing machine
✔✔Adjourning - ✔✔Team debriefs on accomplishments, complications, and how to fix
for future
✔✔Five c's to handle workplace conflict - ✔✔Carefully listen, Considerately or carefully
look at situation, Calmly discuss conflicting perspectives, Conscientiously look at the
facts, Cooperatively work together
, ✔✔Course of action to deal with conflict - ✔✔Must plan before arriving at conflict,
Create a backup plan
✔✔Techniques to mitigate officer safety issues - ✔✔Tactical disengagement, Distance
+ Cover = Time, May need to walk away if no laws have been broken or no person or
property is in danger.
✔✔Techniques in preventing escalation - ✔✔Understand what escalation is and
consequences, Respond vs. react, Use available communication skills (LEAPS),
Understand how to deflect (Don't take things personally)
✔✔Techniques to de-escalate a situation - ✔✔Containment - Create a zone of safety
that limits a subject's movement, Establish proper scene control, Slow down encounters
through the use of time, space, and communication, Treat people with dignity and
respect, Ask rather than tell, Present options
✔✔Need for communicating a necessity of the use of force - ✔✔Articulate objective
necessity for the use of force, Communicate concepts of reasonableness and reaction
time
✔✔Demonstrate techniques in preventing escalation - ✔✔Demonstrate techniques in
preventing escalation
✔✔Demonstrate techniques to de-escalate a situation - ✔✔Demonstrate techniques to
de-escalate a situation
✔✔Explain in debriefing the conflict management techniques deployed - ✔✔Explain in
debriefing the conflict management techniques deployed
✔✔Support in a debrief the justification for the use of force - ✔✔Support in a debrief the
justification for the use of force if applicable
✔✔Impact of children exposed to violence - ✔✔Understand the impact of children
exposed to violence
✔✔Traumatic reactions associated with traumatic stress - ✔✔Identify traumatic
reactions associated with traumatic stress
✔✔Development stages of childhood - ✔✔Understand the different development stages
of childhood and how peace officers can have a trauma-informed approach
✔✔Help children exposed to violence - ✔✔Identify how peace officers can help children
exposed to violence and their caregivers
