International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137
Volume – 02, Issue – 05, May – 2017, PP – 75-81
360 Degree Wheel Rotation Vehicle
Arunkumar S M1, Chandan Kumar Sahu2, Yubaraj G M3,Jahangeer A B4
1234
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Technological Institute, India)
Abstract : The design and fabrication of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle using DC motor and steering is
done to reduce time to turn from one direction to other direction. This vehicle can move in all direction at a
same position by used of steering, sprocket, DC motor, bearing and chain drive. Main function of this vehicle is
easy to move from one direction to other direction. Modern development and economical progression of Indian
society resulted in increase of people on railway platform, increase of vehicle on the road,due to space
constraints, in hospital is major problem of the country. Present study aims for development of a system to
reduce the turning radius of vehicle.In this system at first vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the
required direction with help of steering system and DC motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of
length of the vehicle itself.This vehicle used to carry the goods in various area such as, railway platform,
hospital, industries and market.
Keywords: Bearing, Chain drive, DC motor, Sprocket, Steering and wheel
1. Introduction
This project is about design of 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions
and this design provides better comfort and also saves the time of customers, most of the people using this
vehicle to carry goods, patient etc. But most of the time, they have to face the problem like taking U turn etc. So
have to design a 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the industry and at the
railway platform. Zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this system, steering is connected to sprocket and this sprocket is connected to sprocket of front wheel
by chain drive. Steering is used to provide the direction of front wheel. The DC motor is connected to sprocket
bolt at above of frame. When power supply from battery to DC motor then rotary motion transfer from DC
motor to the wheel. The bearings are provide below sprocket which allow to wheel rotate 360 degreeabout
vertical axis. Then this same rotary motion is transfer to the rear wheels by sprockets and chain drive
arrangement. So as a result this arrangement of the vehicle wheels to turn 90 degrees left and 90 degree right
from original position, but front wheels of this vehicle rotate 360 degree by steering, sprocket and chain drive
arrangement. Without moving from the spot, i.e. the vehicle has zero turning radius. This helps in maneuvering
the vehicle in tight spaces such as parking lots and within small compounds.The various functions of the
steering wheel are to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This should co-
exist with the road feel for the driver so that he can feel the road condition without experiencing the effects of
moving over it.
2. Literature survey
The idea of 360 degree wheel rotation load carry vehicle is analyzed from;
Jaishnu Moudgil, et al. [1], presented a 360 degree rotating car to overcome the problem of parking
space. This car has zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this presentation, so got idea of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle and have plane to make 360 degree
wheel rotation load carry vehicle, this vehicle is to be used in different area like industries, hospital, railway
platform, etc.
Sudip kachhia [2],presented a 360 degree rotating vehicle to overcome the problem of parking space.
This project is about design of 360 degree rotating car to move in all direction. This design provides better
comfort and also saves the time of customers, that’s why it is also the reliable for the customer. As it is also
www.ijlera.com 2017 IJLERA – All Right Reserved 75 | Page
, International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137
Volume – 02, Issue – 05, May – 2017, PP – 75-81
battery operated car thus no fuel is required. Hence it is economical to the environment. This also reduces the
cost of the car, and also got idea to use battery to operate this vehicle.
K. Lohith, et al. [3], presented a four wheel steering system for a car. In four wheel steering the rear
wheels turn with the front wheels thus increasing the efficiency of the vehicle. The direction of steering the rear
wheels relative to the front wheels depends on the operating conditions. At low speed wheel movement is
pronounced, so that rear wheels are steered in the opposite direction to that of front wheels with the use of DC
motor to turn left and right. In this presentation, the use of DC motor is to rotate the wheels 90 degree left and
90 degree right from original position.
Er. Amitesh Kumar, et al. [4], presented zero turn four wheel steering system, the various functions of
the steering wheel are, to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This project the
use of steering is to rotate front wheels.
Mr. Sharad P. Mali, et al. [5], presented zero turn four wheel mechanism, in this project people have used DC
motor and wheel to vehicle rotate 360 degree at a same position. So in this project, the idea is to arrange of DC
motor and wheel.
3. Design
Design of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle adopted to easily move in required direction. This vehicle
is mainly consist of DC motor, steering, sprockets, chain drive, iron pipe, bearing, and wheels. The basic
arrangement of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle is as shown in Fig. 1.
1. Steering
2. Sprocket
3. Chain drive
4. Wheel
5. Iron pipe
6. DC motor
7. Bolt
8. Frame
Fig. 1 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle
4. Design calculation
Design parameters considerations are;
4.1 Motor calculation
Specification and calculation:
60 rpm
12 V
18 W
P × 60
Torque of motor: ζ = (1)
2 × 3.14 × N
18 × 60
=
2 × 3.14 × 60
= 2.866 Nm
= 2.866× 10³ N-mm
The motor shaft is made of MS and its allowable shear stress (Fd )= 42 MPa
3.14 ×F d × d ³
Torque:ζ = (2)
16
www.ijlera.com 2017 IJLERA – All Right Reserved 76 | Page
Volume – 02, Issue – 05, May – 2017, PP – 75-81
360 Degree Wheel Rotation Vehicle
Arunkumar S M1, Chandan Kumar Sahu2, Yubaraj G M3,Jahangeer A B4
1234
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Technological Institute, India)
Abstract : The design and fabrication of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle using DC motor and steering is
done to reduce time to turn from one direction to other direction. This vehicle can move in all direction at a
same position by used of steering, sprocket, DC motor, bearing and chain drive. Main function of this vehicle is
easy to move from one direction to other direction. Modern development and economical progression of Indian
society resulted in increase of people on railway platform, increase of vehicle on the road,due to space
constraints, in hospital is major problem of the country. Present study aims for development of a system to
reduce the turning radius of vehicle.In this system at first vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the
required direction with help of steering system and DC motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of
length of the vehicle itself.This vehicle used to carry the goods in various area such as, railway platform,
hospital, industries and market.
Keywords: Bearing, Chain drive, DC motor, Sprocket, Steering and wheel
1. Introduction
This project is about design of 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions
and this design provides better comfort and also saves the time of customers, most of the people using this
vehicle to carry goods, patient etc. But most of the time, they have to face the problem like taking U turn etc. So
have to design a 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the industry and at the
railway platform. Zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this system, steering is connected to sprocket and this sprocket is connected to sprocket of front wheel
by chain drive. Steering is used to provide the direction of front wheel. The DC motor is connected to sprocket
bolt at above of frame. When power supply from battery to DC motor then rotary motion transfer from DC
motor to the wheel. The bearings are provide below sprocket which allow to wheel rotate 360 degreeabout
vertical axis. Then this same rotary motion is transfer to the rear wheels by sprockets and chain drive
arrangement. So as a result this arrangement of the vehicle wheels to turn 90 degrees left and 90 degree right
from original position, but front wheels of this vehicle rotate 360 degree by steering, sprocket and chain drive
arrangement. Without moving from the spot, i.e. the vehicle has zero turning radius. This helps in maneuvering
the vehicle in tight spaces such as parking lots and within small compounds.The various functions of the
steering wheel are to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This should co-
exist with the road feel for the driver so that he can feel the road condition without experiencing the effects of
moving over it.
2. Literature survey
The idea of 360 degree wheel rotation load carry vehicle is analyzed from;
Jaishnu Moudgil, et al. [1], presented a 360 degree rotating car to overcome the problem of parking
space. This car has zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this presentation, so got idea of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle and have plane to make 360 degree
wheel rotation load carry vehicle, this vehicle is to be used in different area like industries, hospital, railway
platform, etc.
Sudip kachhia [2],presented a 360 degree rotating vehicle to overcome the problem of parking space.
This project is about design of 360 degree rotating car to move in all direction. This design provides better
comfort and also saves the time of customers, that’s why it is also the reliable for the customer. As it is also
www.ijlera.com 2017 IJLERA – All Right Reserved 75 | Page
, International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137
Volume – 02, Issue – 05, May – 2017, PP – 75-81
battery operated car thus no fuel is required. Hence it is economical to the environment. This also reduces the
cost of the car, and also got idea to use battery to operate this vehicle.
K. Lohith, et al. [3], presented a four wheel steering system for a car. In four wheel steering the rear
wheels turn with the front wheels thus increasing the efficiency of the vehicle. The direction of steering the rear
wheels relative to the front wheels depends on the operating conditions. At low speed wheel movement is
pronounced, so that rear wheels are steered in the opposite direction to that of front wheels with the use of DC
motor to turn left and right. In this presentation, the use of DC motor is to rotate the wheels 90 degree left and
90 degree right from original position.
Er. Amitesh Kumar, et al. [4], presented zero turn four wheel steering system, the various functions of
the steering wheel are, to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This project the
use of steering is to rotate front wheels.
Mr. Sharad P. Mali, et al. [5], presented zero turn four wheel mechanism, in this project people have used DC
motor and wheel to vehicle rotate 360 degree at a same position. So in this project, the idea is to arrange of DC
motor and wheel.
3. Design
Design of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle adopted to easily move in required direction. This vehicle
is mainly consist of DC motor, steering, sprockets, chain drive, iron pipe, bearing, and wheels. The basic
arrangement of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle is as shown in Fig. 1.
1. Steering
2. Sprocket
3. Chain drive
4. Wheel
5. Iron pipe
6. DC motor
7. Bolt
8. Frame
Fig. 1 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle
4. Design calculation
Design parameters considerations are;
4.1 Motor calculation
Specification and calculation:
60 rpm
12 V
18 W
P × 60
Torque of motor: ζ = (1)
2 × 3.14 × N
18 × 60
=
2 × 3.14 × 60
= 2.866 Nm
= 2.866× 10³ N-mm
The motor shaft is made of MS and its allowable shear stress (Fd )= 42 MPa
3.14 ×F d × d ³
Torque:ζ = (2)
16
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