Test Bank Pathophysiology A Practical Approach,Questions & Answers Rationales

Test Bank Pathophysiology A Practical Approach,Questions & Answers Rationales CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS _____ 1. The movement of water or another solvent across the cellular membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is referred to as A. meiosis. B. osmosis. C. lysis. D. mitosis. _____ 2. Cells become specialized in their structure and function through A. proliferation. B. atrophy. C. differentiation. D. pinocytosis. _____ 3. Eradicating the disease is the goal of A. palliative treatment. B. all cancer treatment. C. prophylactic treatment. D. curative treatment. _____ 4. The fetus is most vulnerable to environmental influences during which period of gestation? A. 10 to 15 days B. The first 30 days C. 15 to 60 days D. The first trimester _____ 5. Which form of cellular adaptation occurs because of decreased work demands on the cell? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia _____ 6. What are the sex chromosomes that a female has? A. Paired X chromosomes B. Autosomes C. One X and one Y chromosome D. Two Y chromosomes _____ 7. Which disorders are passed from an affected parent to an offspring regardless of sex? A. Sex-linked disorders B. Fragile X syndrome C. Autosomal dominant disorders D. All of the above _____ 8. Gangrene is a form of A. caseous necrosis. B. liquefaction necrosis. C. coagulative necrosis. D. fat necrosis. _____ 9. The genetic information for a cell is contained in the A. nucleus. B. organelles. C. lipid bilayer. D. cytoplasm. _____ 10. The disease state of a neoplasm is A. apoptosis. B. atrophy. C. exocytosis. D. cancer. _____ 11. A possible teratogen is a(n) A. lipid bilayer. B. allele. C. infection. D. chromosome. _____ 12. How many chromosomes do we have? A. 23 B. 46 C. Several thousand D. About 3 billion _____ 13. Selective permeability allows free passage in and out of cells to A. enzymes. B. glucose. C. electrolytes. D. all of the above. _____ 14. Which type of cellular adaptation is undergone by the muscles of an extremity that has been in a cast for a long period of time? A. Hypertrophy B. Metaplasia C. Dysplasia D. Hyperplasia _____ 15. Which tumors are usually undifferentiated? A. Malignant tumors B. All tumors are undifferentiated. C. Benign tumors D. Tumors with less anaplastic cells _____ 16. One cause of cell death is A. ischemia. B. apoptosis. C. necrosis. D. all of the above. _____ 17. Variations of a gene are known as A. alleles. B. autosomes. C. a karotype. D. DNA. _____ 18. A form of cell division that occurs only in mature sperm and ova is A. mitosis. B. prophase. C. oncogene. D. meiosis. _____ 19. Which of the following diseases affects only females? A. Monosomy X (Turner’s syndrome) B. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) C. Polysomy X (Klinefelter’s syndrome) D. Tay-Sachs disease _____ 20. A cancer patient’s likelihood for surviving a cancer is referred to as his or her A. remission. B. prognosis. C. carcinogenesis. D. grading. _____ 21. Metaplasia refers to which of the following? A. An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. B. Cell mutation into cells of a different size, shape, and appearance. C. An increase in the size of cells in an attempt to meet increased demand. D. The process of one adult cell being replaced by another cell type _____ 22. When caustic enzymes dissolve and liquefy necrotic cells, this is known as A. coagulative necrosis. B. liquefaction necrosis. C. fat necrosis. D. caseous necrosis. _____ 23. Which type of disorder is phenylketonuria (PKU)? A. Sex-linked disorder B. Autosomal recessive disorder C. Multifactorial disorder D. Autosomal dominant disorder _____ 24. When cells increase in number in an organ or tissue, this is known is A. apoptosis. B. hyperplasia. C. metaplasia. D. dysplasia. _____ 25. In grading cancer cells, which grade has well differentiated cells? A. Grade 1 B. Grade 2 C. Grade 3 D. Grade 4 CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS _____ 1. Which of the following is true concerning primary immunodeficiency? A. Primary immunodeficiency is caused by pathogens. B. It reflects a defect with the immune system. C. Primary immunodeficiency is a loss of immune function because of a specific cause. D. Drug therapy can cause primary immunodeficiency. _____ 2. Molecules released by macrophages that have been exposed to bacteria are known as A. pyrogens. B. interferons. C. T cells. D. complement proteins. _____ 3. Antibody production is turned off by A. effector cells. B. killer cells. C. suppressor cells. D. cytotoxic cells. _____ 4. Which statement is true about T cells? A. T cells mature in the thyroid gland. B. They are responsible for hypersensitivity and transplant rejection. C. T cells are part of the body’s first line of defense. D. They mature in the bone marrow. _____ 5. Bodily changes that are associated with stress were first described by Hans Selye in the A. 1780s. B. 1860s. C. 1930s. D. 1990s. _____ 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus? A. Butterfly rash over the cheeks B. Photosensitivity C. Arthritis D. All of the above _____ 7. The inflammatory response is part of the body’s A. first line of defense. B. second line of defense. C. third line of defense. D. none of the above _____ 8. In type III hypersensitivity, A. circulating antigen-antibody complexes accumulate and are deposited in the tissue. B. macrophages perform delayed processing of the antigen. C. allergens activate T cells, which bind to mast cells. D. the target cell is destroyed by an antibody-directed, cell-surface antigen. _____ 9. Small proteins that are released from cells infected by viruses are known as A. regulator cells. B. effector cells. C. interferons. D. pyrogens. _____ 10. Catecholamines and cortisol are released, causing the fight-or-flight response, in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? A. The resistance stage B. Hypersensitivity C. The exhaustion stage D. The alarm stage _____ 11. The skin and mucous membranes are part of the body’s A. first line of defense. B. second line of defense. C. third line of defense. D. fourth line of defense. _____ 12. An inflated response to an antigen is A. hypersensitivity. B. immunodeficiency. C. the general adaptation syndrome. D. autologous. _____ 13. Which of the following is a maladaptive coping strategy for stress? A. Physical activity B. Overeating C. Biofeedback D. Distraction _____ 14. Anxiety, depression, insomnia, infections, and cardiovascular disease have been attributed to A. killer cell attacks. B. type II hypersensitivity. C. pyrogen. D. stress. _____ 15. Factors that place individuals at risk for an impaired immune system include A. spending time outdoors. B. reducing stress. C. smoking. D. increasing fluid intake. _____ 16. The membrane-attack complex is part of which line of defense? A. First line of defense B. Second line of defense C. Third line of defense D. All of the above _____ 17. The type of rejection reaction that occurs only with bone marrow transplants is A. graft-versus-host rejection. B. graft-versus-graft rejection. C. host-versus-host rejection. D. host-versus-graft rejection. _____ 18. Category 2 of HIV infection progression refers to A. CD4 cell count = 500 cells/mm3. B. Asymptomatic HIV infection. C. CD4 cell count 200–499 cells/mm3. D. CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm3. _____ 19. The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the A. resistance stage. B. exhaustion stage. C. stress response. D. alarm stage. _____ 20. Children who are HIV positive may experience A. problems walking. B. excess weight gain. C. high rates of growth. D. an absence of common childhood illnesses. _____ 21. Which statement is true about autoimmune reactions? A. Autoimmune disorders affect women more than men. B. They can be systemic or can affect particular organs. C. Diagnostic procedures for autoimmune disorders often begin with eliminating all other causes. D. All of the above _____ 22. Cells that have invaded the body are destroyed by A. T cells. B. B cells. C. cellular immunity. D. all of the above _____ 23. Transplants that use tissue from the identical twin of the host are A. autologous transplants. B. syngenic transplants. C. allogenic transplants. D. all of the above _____ 24. Erythema, edema, heat, and pain characterize A. the third line of defense. B. general adaptation syndrome. C. the inflammatory response. D. acquired immunity. _____ 25. Antibody-producing cells and memory cells are types of A. T cells B. killer cells C. B cells. D. antigens.