B IO 202 EXAM 1
(CARDIOVASCULAR SY STEM:
THE HEART) Qu estions and
answ er s w ith accu r ate
r ationales(PASSED)
List the components of the cardio vascular system - answer Heart, blood
vessels, blood
Contrast the pulmonary and systemic circuits
Describe the location, size, shape and position of the heart - answer
Pulmonary circuit: right heart, lungs, left heart/ carries blood to lungs
for gas exchange/ right side of heart
Systemic circuit: left heart, body, right heart/ supplies blood to all
organs of the body/ left side of the heart
-Location: thoracic cavity (in the mediastinum), superior to diaphragm,
posterior to sternum
-Size: of a fist; approx 10 oz.
-Position: slightly to the left because liver takes up room on the right
Define base and apex of the heart - answer Base: broad superior
portion
, Apex: inferior end, tilts to the left, tapers to point
Describe the structure and function of the pericardium - answer Double
walled membraneous sac.
Anchored to diaphragm & connective tissue.
Allows heart to beat without friction, gives it room to expand and
resists excessive expansion.
Explain the causes and effects of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade -
answer Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium. Painful friction
between the two membranes when the heart beats.
Cardiac tamponade: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial
cavity. Compresses the heart. Interferes with ventricular filling.
List and describe the three layers of the heart wall - answer Epicardium
(visceral pericardium): outer membrane
Myocardium: thick muscular layer- fibrous skeleton
Endocardium: smooth inner lining
List and describe the heart chambers - answer Right and left atria: 2
superior chambers
Right and left ventricles: 2 inferior chambers
(CARDIOVASCULAR SY STEM:
THE HEART) Qu estions and
answ er s w ith accu r ate
r ationales(PASSED)
List the components of the cardio vascular system - answer Heart, blood
vessels, blood
Contrast the pulmonary and systemic circuits
Describe the location, size, shape and position of the heart - answer
Pulmonary circuit: right heart, lungs, left heart/ carries blood to lungs
for gas exchange/ right side of heart
Systemic circuit: left heart, body, right heart/ supplies blood to all
organs of the body/ left side of the heart
-Location: thoracic cavity (in the mediastinum), superior to diaphragm,
posterior to sternum
-Size: of a fist; approx 10 oz.
-Position: slightly to the left because liver takes up room on the right
Define base and apex of the heart - answer Base: broad superior
portion
, Apex: inferior end, tilts to the left, tapers to point
Describe the structure and function of the pericardium - answer Double
walled membraneous sac.
Anchored to diaphragm & connective tissue.
Allows heart to beat without friction, gives it room to expand and
resists excessive expansion.
Explain the causes and effects of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade -
answer Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium. Painful friction
between the two membranes when the heart beats.
Cardiac tamponade: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial
cavity. Compresses the heart. Interferes with ventricular filling.
List and describe the three layers of the heart wall - answer Epicardium
(visceral pericardium): outer membrane
Myocardium: thick muscular layer- fibrous skeleton
Endocardium: smooth inner lining
List and describe the heart chambers - answer Right and left atria: 2
superior chambers
Right and left ventricles: 2 inferior chambers
