BIOL 230 Final exam QUESTIONS WITH
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ANSWERS
Allochthonous inputs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Energy |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inputs (carbob) that come from outside of the ecosystem.
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This often includes detritus (dead organic matter).
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Autochthonous inputs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Energy |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inputs (carbon) that are made by producers (autotrophs)
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Why is there an inverted trophic pyramid for aquatic
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ecosystems? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Even though the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biomass of phytoplankton is not large relative to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ecosystem, they are producing energy (carbon) at a very
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high rate.
|\
In other words, the bottom trophic level grows,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproduces, produces carbon, and then gets eaten very |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quickly
Relative to their very small mass. This large amount of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
energy can support a large biomass of higher trophic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels (ex. fish, orcas).
|\ |\ |\
, What factors effect energy flow in an ecosystem? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-the amount of NPP (chemical|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
energy produced by plants) that are available at base of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
food web. |\ |\
-the proportion of each trophic level (For example, zebras
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cannot eat the roots of the grass) consumed by the one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
above it |\
-the nutritional content of the food (ex. seaweed is more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nutritious than plants) |\ |\
-the efficiency of energy transfer
|\ |\ |\ |\
Why don't herbivores on land consume more of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
available ? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-land plants less
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nutritious (get less energy, lower ratio of carbon: nitrogen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and phosphorus)
|\ |\
-land plants have defences (chemical defences such as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
toxic plants, bark, spines, etc. Further, plants in nutrient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
poor areas such as the tundra have lots of structural
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
defences, compared to the nutrient-rich ocean where
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phytoplankton do not have defences.)...aquatic producers |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
do not have defences as often (phytoplankton, seaweed)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-herbivores on land are constrained by predators on land. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. there are enough birds on land to keep the insect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population in check. |\ |\
What is an example of a bottom up process? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔If we add more energy at the bottom of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
Allochthonous inputs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Energy |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inputs (carbob) that come from outside of the ecosystem.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
This often includes detritus (dead organic matter).
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Autochthonous inputs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Energy |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inputs (carbon) that are made by producers (autotrophs)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Why is there an inverted trophic pyramid for aquatic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ecosystems? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Even though the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biomass of phytoplankton is not large relative to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ecosystem, they are producing energy (carbon) at a very
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high rate.
|\
In other words, the bottom trophic level grows,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproduces, produces carbon, and then gets eaten very |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
quickly
Relative to their very small mass. This large amount of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
energy can support a large biomass of higher trophic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels (ex. fish, orcas).
|\ |\ |\
, What factors effect energy flow in an ecosystem? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-the amount of NPP (chemical|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
energy produced by plants) that are available at base of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
food web. |\ |\
-the proportion of each trophic level (For example, zebras
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cannot eat the roots of the grass) consumed by the one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
above it |\
-the nutritional content of the food (ex. seaweed is more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nutritious than plants) |\ |\
-the efficiency of energy transfer
|\ |\ |\ |\
Why don't herbivores on land consume more of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
available ? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-land plants less
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nutritious (get less energy, lower ratio of carbon: nitrogen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and phosphorus)
|\ |\
-land plants have defences (chemical defences such as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
toxic plants, bark, spines, etc. Further, plants in nutrient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
poor areas such as the tundra have lots of structural
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
defences, compared to the nutrient-rich ocean where
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phytoplankton do not have defences.)...aquatic producers |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
do not have defences as often (phytoplankton, seaweed)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-herbivores on land are constrained by predators on land. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. there are enough birds on land to keep the insect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population in check. |\ |\
What is an example of a bottom up process? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔If we add more energy at the bottom of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
