Pharmacology 2 Exam 3 (Cardiac) – Nagelhout Questions and Answers |Updated 2025/2026 |Guaranteed Pass

Pharmacology 2 Exam 3 (Cardiac) – Nagelhout Questions and Answers |Updated 2025/2026 |Guaranteed Pass Major Risk Factors - answer-Unstable Coronary Syndromes Decompensated Heart Failure Significant Arrhythmias Severe Valvular Disease What is the number one morbidity for anesthesia? - answer-Decompensated Heart Failure Unstable coronary syndromes - answer-Acute or recent MI Unstable or Severe Angina What significant arrhythmia's are considered as major risk factors? - answer-High-grade AV block Mobitz II AV block CHB Symptomatic Ventricular arrhythmias SVT, AFib w/ RVR Symptomatic bradycardia New VT What Severe Valve Diseases are considered as major risk factors? - answer-AS with gradient 40 mmHg; Aortic valve area 1cm2 or exhibiting symptomsMild AS with Aortic Valve Area - answer- 1.5 cm2 Moderate AS with Aortic Valve Area - answer-1.0 - 1.5 cm2 Severe AS with Aortic Valve Area - answer- 1.0 cm2 Mild AS with gradient - answer- 20 mmHg Moderate AS with gradient - answer-20 - 40 mmHg Severe AS with gradient - answer-40 mm Hg Intermediate Risk Factors - answer-Mild Angina (Canadian Class I or II) Previous MI Compensated or previous heart failure IDDM Renal Insufficiency Minor Risk Factors - answer-Old Age Abnormal ECG (LVH, LBBB, ST-T) Afib Low Mets Hx CVA Uncontrolled systemic HTN High (Very Elevated) Risk (Cardiac Index 5%) - answer-Major Vascular Surgery Emergent major operations Prolonged procedures with large fluid shifts or significant blood lossIntermediate Risk (Cardiac Risk 1 - 5%) - answer-CEA Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Head and Neck surgery Intraperitoneal and Intrathoracic surgery Orthopedic Surgery Prostate Surgery Low Risk (Cardiac Risk 1%) - answer-Superficial Procedures Cataract Surgery Breast Surgery Ambulatory Surgery