Pharm 1 Final Exam – Nagelhout Questions with Complete Solution 2025/2026

Pharm 1 Final Exam – Nagelhout Questions with Complete Solution 2025/2026 Pharmacology - answer-study of the effect of chemicals on living tissue Pharmacokinetics - answer-"what the body does to the drug" - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion Pharmaceutics - answer-the formulation and preparation of drugs Pharmacoeconomics - answer-the study of the economic impact of drugs Toxicology - answer-study of harmful effects of chemicals; pharmacology of high doses Pharmacognosy - answer-The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources. Pharmacy - answer-the study of preparing and dispensing drugs Pharmacogenetics - answer-genetic influences by and on drugs Pharmacodynamics - answer-what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action Pharmacogenomics - answer-discrete genetic differences among individuals Pharmacoepidemiology - answer-the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of peopleWhat are the 2 types of ligands? - answer-Agonists and Antagonists What does an agonist drug do? - answer-Binds to a receptor and causes a response What does an antagonist do? - answer-binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the function that receptor serves What is competitive binding? - answer-reversible (most drugs); as drug wears off, there will be a higher concentration of something else in the body that will bind to those receptors. These drugs possess a weak affinity for the receptors. What is non-competitive binding? - answer-Non-reversible; once it binds it is there forever. Possesses a strong affinity, cannot be displaced. Example: aspirin to platelets True or False: Complete saturation of available receptors with drug molecules is not necessary for desired response? - answer-True List chemical bonds from strongest to weakest: - answer-Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, Hydrophobic, Van der Waals What 4 properties are on a dose response curve? - answer-Affinity (potency), Efficacy, Variability, Slope ED50 - answer-Effective dose in 50% of the population TD50 - answer-toxic dose in 50% of the population