Nagelhout Chapter 10 Local Anesthetics Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers |Latest Version| Expert Verified |2025/2026

Nagelhout Chapter 10 Local Anesthetics Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers |Latest Version| Expert Verified |2025/2026 *What are the 2 classes of local anesthetics - answer-esters and amides (also have miscellaneous *How to differentiate esters and amides - answer-one "i" in the generic name for esters and two "i"s in the generic name for amIde first local ever used; what makes this guy so special? - answer-cocaine; naturally occurring from coca leaf *for a drug to have local anesthetic properties, what 3 chemical compounds - answer-1. lipophyllic portion (lipid soluble) usually a benzene ring 2. water soluble portion (the nitrogen containing molecule in the structure) 3. lipid soluble and water soluble portions must be separated by a certain distance and this is either by an ester or amide chemical chain *explain the structure of an ester local anesthetic; explain for amide structure - answer-ester is C==O, O and both the Os are negative (-); amide is C==O, N where the N is positive (+) and O is negative (-) and brings closer together and makes harder to break (== reads as "double bond"*what is the significance for both the Os being negative in a ester bond - answer-both negative means they push away from each other and make bond easier to break (metabolism) *how are esters metabolized - answer-plasma and tissue cholinesterases via hydrolysis that occurs throughout the body and is rapid (they are metabolized right in the tissue they are in bc water and cholinesterase are everywhere) *what is special about tetracaine? - answer-we mostly used amides. Esters tend to be short acting, but tetracaine is the longest acting ester we have talk about what we need to know regarding the esters and amide locals and allergies to them - answerlocal anesthetic allergies are uncommon, yet esters are more commonly associated with allergies than the amides (99%). if you have an allergy to an ester, then you most likely have allergy to all the other esters (cross allergy within class). Though very unlikely, if you're allergic to an amide, then there is no cross allergy and the other amides will be okay