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Pathophysiology,V7thVEdition
ChapterV01:VIntroductionVtoVPathophysiologyVBanas
ik:
MULTIPLEVCHOICE
1. C.Q.VwasVrecentlyVexposedVtoVgroupVAVhemolyticVS
treptococcusVandVsubsequentlyVdevelopedaVpharyngea
lVinfection.VHisVclinicVexaminationVrevealsVanVoralVt
emperatureVofV102.3F,VskinVrash,Vdysphagia,VandVre
ddenedVthroatVmucosaVwithVmultipleVpustules.VHeVc
omplainsVofVsoreVthroat,Vmalaise,VandVjointVstiffness.
VAVthroatVcultureVisVpositiveVforVStreptococcus,Vand
VantibioticsVhaveVbeenVprescribed.VTheVetiologyVofVC
.Q.’sVdiseaseVis
a. aVsoreVthroat.
b. streptococcalVinfection.
c. geneticVsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:V B
EtiologyVrefersVtoVtheVproposedVcauseVorVcausesVofVaVparticularVdiseaseVprocess.VAVsor
eVthroatVisVtheVmanifestationVofVtheVdiseaseVprocess.VGeneticVsusceptibilityVrefersVtoVin
heritedVtendencyVtoVdevelopVaVdisease.VPharyngitisVrefersVtoVinflammationVofVtheVthroa
tVandVisValsoVaVclinicalVmanifestationVofVtheVdiseaseVprocess.
2. AV17-year-oldVcollege-
boundVstudentVreceivesVaVvaccineVagainstVanVorganismVthatVcausesVmeningitis.VThi
sVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V A
PrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexpo
sureVforVsusceptibleVindividualsVbyVprovidingVvaccination.VSecondaryVpreventionVisVthe
VearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdisease.VTertiaryVpreventionVinclu
desVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreV
effectiveVfunctioning.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinvolvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVh
asVdeveloped.
3. AnVobeseVbutVotherwiseVhealthyVteenVisVgivenVaVprescriptionVforVaVlow-
calorieVdietVandVexerciseVprogram.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V B
SecondaryVpreventionVisVtheVearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVsu
ch
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asVprescribingVdietVandVexerciseVforVanVindividualVwhoVhasValreadyVdevelopedVobesity.
VPrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexp
osureVforVsusceptibleVindividuals.VTertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsuppo
rtiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioning.VDiseas
eVtreatmentVinvolvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
4. AVpatientVwithVhighVbloodVpressureVwhoVisVotherwiseVhealthyVisVcounseledVtoVrestrict
VsodiumVintake.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V B
SecondaryVpreventionVisVtheVearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdiseas
e,VsuchVasVbyVprescribingVsodiumVrestrictionVforVhighVbloodVpressure.VPrimaryVprevent
ionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexposureVforVsusce
ptibleVindividuals.VTertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandV
attemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioning.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinv
olvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
5. AfterVsufferingVaVheartVattack,VaVmiddle-agedVmanVisVcounseledVtoVtakeVaVcholesterol-
loweringVmedication.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V C
TertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviat
eVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioningVsuchVasVprescribingVaVcholesterol-
lowering
medicationVfollowingVaVheartVattack.VPrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValterin
gVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVN
e VxRpU
VI
o sVG
uSVrBe.VCfNo r VsT
usceptibOle Vindividuals.VSecondaryVpreventionVisVt
he
earlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdisease.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinvolvesVma
nagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
6. AVpatientVhasVbeenVexposedVtoVmeningococcalVmeningitis,VbutVisVnotVyetVdemonstratin
gVsignsVofVthisVdisease.VThisVstageVofVillnessVisVcalledVthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:V B
IncubationVrefersVtoVtheVintervalVbetweenVexposureVofVaVtissueVtoVanVinjuriousVagentVa
ndVtheVfirstVappearanceVofVsignsVandVsymptoms.VInVinfectiousVdiseases,VthisVperiodVisV
oftenVcalledVtheVincubationV(latent)Vperiod.VProdromalVrefersVtoVtheVappearanceVofVtheV
firstVsignsVandVsymptomsVindicatingVtheVonsetVofVaVdisease.VTheseVareVoftenVnonspecif
ic,VsuchVasVheadache,Vmalaise,Vanorexia,VandVnausea,VwhichVareVassociatedVwithVaVnu
mberVofVdifferentVdiseases.
SequelaVrefersVtoVsubsequentVpathologicVconditionVresultingVfromVaVdisease.VConvalesce
nceVisVtheVstageVofVrecoveryVafterVaVdisease,Vinjury,VorVsurgicalVoperation.
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7. AVdiseaseVthatVisVnativeVtoVaVparticularVregionVisVcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:V B
AVdiseaseVthatVisVnativeVtoVaVparticularVregionVisVcalledVendemic.VAnVepidemicVisVaVd
iseaseVthatVspreadsVtoVmanyVindividualsVatVtheVsameVtime.VPandemicsVareVepidemicsVth
atVaffectVlargeVgeographicVregions,VperhapsVspreadingVworldwide.
8. InVgeneral,VwithVaging,VorganVsizeVandVfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainVtheVsame.
d. areVunknown.
ANS:V B
InVgeneral,VwithVaging,VorganVsizeVandVfunctionVdecrease.
9. TheVstageVduringVwhichVtheVpatientVfunctionsVnormally,ValthoughVtheVdiseaseVproces
sesVareVwellVestablished,VisVreferredVtoVas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:V B
TheVstageVduringVwhichVtheVpatientVfunctionsVnormally,ValthoughVtheVdiseaseVprocesse
sVareVwellVestablished,VisVcalledVtheVsubclinicalVstage.VTheVintervalVbetweenVexposureV
ofVaVtissueVtoVanVinjuriousVagentVandVtheVfN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fVC
sigOnM
sV andVsymptomsVmay
VbeVcalledVaVlatent
periodVor,VinVtheVcaseVofVinfectiousVdiseases,VanVincubationVperiod.VTheVprodromalVperiod,
Vor
prodrome,VrefersVtoVtheVappearanceVofVtheVfirstVsignsVandVsymptomsVindicatingVtheVonsetVo
fVaVdisease.VConvalescenceVisVtheVstageVofVrecoveryVafterVaVdisease,Vinjury,VorVsurgicalVope
ration.
MULTIPLEVRESPONSE
1. YourVpatient’sVredVbloodVcellVisVslightlyVelevatedVtoday.VThisVmightVbeVexplainedVby
V(SelectVallVthatVapply.)
a. genderVdifference.
b. situationalVfactors.
c. normalVvariation.
d. culturalVvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:V A,VB,VC,VE
Gender,VsituationsV(e.g.,Valtitude),VnormalVvariations,VandVillnessVmayVallVdetermineVred
VbloodVcellVcount.VCultureVaffectsVhowVmanifestationsVareVperceivedV(normalVversusVa
bnormal).
,Nursedocs@2023
Pathophysiology,V7thVEdition
ChapterV01:VIntroductionVtoVPathophysiologyVBanas
ik:
MULTIPLEVCHOICE
1. C.Q.VwasVrecentlyVexposedVtoVgroupVAVhemolyticVS
treptococcusVandVsubsequentlyVdevelopedaVpharyngea
lVinfection.VHisVclinicVexaminationVrevealsVanVoralVt
emperatureVofV102.3F,VskinVrash,Vdysphagia,VandVre
ddenedVthroatVmucosaVwithVmultipleVpustules.VHeVc
omplainsVofVsoreVthroat,Vmalaise,VandVjointVstiffness.
VAVthroatVcultureVisVpositiveVforVStreptococcus,Vand
VantibioticsVhaveVbeenVprescribed.VTheVetiologyVofVC
.Q.’sVdiseaseVis
a. aVsoreVthroat.
b. streptococcalVinfection.
c. geneticVsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:V B
EtiologyVrefersVtoVtheVproposedVcauseVorVcausesVofVaVparticularVdiseaseVprocess.VAVsor
eVthroatVisVtheVmanifestationVofVtheVdiseaseVprocess.VGeneticVsusceptibilityVrefersVtoVin
heritedVtendencyVtoVdevelopVaVdisease.VPharyngitisVrefersVtoVinflammationVofVtheVthroa
tVandVisValsoVaVclinicalVmanifestationVofVtheVdiseaseVprocess.
2. AV17-year-oldVcollege-
boundVstudentVreceivesVaVvaccineVagainstVanVorganismVthatVcausesVmeningitis.VThi
sVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V A
PrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexpo
sureVforVsusceptibleVindividualsVbyVprovidingVvaccination.VSecondaryVpreventionVisVthe
VearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdisease.VTertiaryVpreventionVinclu
desVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreV
effectiveVfunctioning.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinvolvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVh
asVdeveloped.
3. AnVobeseVbutVotherwiseVhealthyVteenVisVgivenVaVprescriptionVforVaVlow-
calorieVdietVandVexerciseVprogram.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V B
SecondaryVpreventionVisVtheVearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVsu
ch
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asVprescribingVdietVandVexerciseVforVanVindividualVwhoVhasValreadyVdevelopedVobesity.
VPrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexp
osureVforVsusceptibleVindividuals.VTertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsuppo
rtiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioning.VDiseas
eVtreatmentVinvolvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
4. AVpatientVwithVhighVbloodVpressureVwhoVisVotherwiseVhealthyVisVcounseledVtoVrestrict
VsodiumVintake.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V B
SecondaryVpreventionVisVtheVearlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdiseas
e,VsuchVasVbyVprescribingVsodiumVrestrictionVforVhighVbloodVpressure.VPrimaryVprevent
ionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValteringVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVexposureVforVsusce
ptibleVindividuals.VTertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandV
attemptsVtoValleviateVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioning.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinv
olvesVmanagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
5. AfterVsufferingVaVheartVattack,VaVmiddle-agedVmanVisVcounseledVtoVtakeVaVcholesterol-
loweringVmedication.VThisVisVanVexampleVof
a. primaryVprevention.
b. secondaryVprevention.
c. tertiaryVprevention.
d. diseaseVtreatment.
ANS:V C
TertiaryVpreventionVincludesVrehabilitativeVandVsupportiveVcareVandVattemptsVtoValleviat
eVdisabilityVandVrestoreVeffectiveVfunctioningVsuchVasVprescribingVaVcholesterol-
lowering
medicationVfollowingVaVheartVattack.VPrimaryVpreventionVisVpreventionVofVdiseaseVbyValterin
gVsusceptibilityVorVreducingVN
e VxRpU
VI
o sVG
uSVrBe.VCfNo r VsT
usceptibOle Vindividuals.VSecondaryVpreventionVisVt
he
earlyVdetection,Vscreening,VandVmanagementVofVtheVdisease.VDiseaseVtreatmentVinvolvesVma
nagementVofVtheVdiseaseVonceVitVhasVdeveloped.
6. AVpatientVhasVbeenVexposedVtoVmeningococcalVmeningitis,VbutVisVnotVyetVdemonstratin
gVsignsVofVthisVdisease.VThisVstageVofVillnessVisVcalledVthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:V B
IncubationVrefersVtoVtheVintervalVbetweenVexposureVofVaVtissueVtoVanVinjuriousVagentVa
ndVtheVfirstVappearanceVofVsignsVandVsymptoms.VInVinfectiousVdiseases,VthisVperiodVisV
oftenVcalledVtheVincubationV(latent)Vperiod.VProdromalVrefersVtoVtheVappearanceVofVtheV
firstVsignsVandVsymptomsVindicatingVtheVonsetVofVaVdisease.VTheseVareVoftenVnonspecif
ic,VsuchVasVheadache,Vmalaise,Vanorexia,VandVnausea,VwhichVareVassociatedVwithVaVnu
mberVofVdifferentVdiseases.
SequelaVrefersVtoVsubsequentVpathologicVconditionVresultingVfromVaVdisease.VConvalesce
nceVisVtheVstageVofVrecoveryVafterVaVdisease,Vinjury,VorVsurgicalVoperation.
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7. AVdiseaseVthatVisVnativeVtoVaVparticularVregionVisVcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:V B
AVdiseaseVthatVisVnativeVtoVaVparticularVregionVisVcalledVendemic.VAnVepidemicVisVaVd
iseaseVthatVspreadsVtoVmanyVindividualsVatVtheVsameVtime.VPandemicsVareVepidemicsVth
atVaffectVlargeVgeographicVregions,VperhapsVspreadingVworldwide.
8. InVgeneral,VwithVaging,VorganVsizeVandVfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainVtheVsame.
d. areVunknown.
ANS:V B
InVgeneral,VwithVaging,VorganVsizeVandVfunctionVdecrease.
9. TheVstageVduringVwhichVtheVpatientVfunctionsVnormally,ValthoughVtheVdiseaseVproces
sesVareVwellVestablished,VisVreferredVtoVas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:V B
TheVstageVduringVwhichVtheVpatientVfunctionsVnormally,ValthoughVtheVdiseaseVprocesse
sVareVwellVestablished,VisVcalledVtheVsubclinicalVstage.VTheVintervalVbetweenVexposureV
ofVaVtissueVtoVanVinjuriousVagentVandVtheVfN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fVC
sigOnM
sV andVsymptomsVmay
VbeVcalledVaVlatent
periodVor,VinVtheVcaseVofVinfectiousVdiseases,VanVincubationVperiod.VTheVprodromalVperiod,
Vor
prodrome,VrefersVtoVtheVappearanceVofVtheVfirstVsignsVandVsymptomsVindicatingVtheVonsetVo
fVaVdisease.VConvalescenceVisVtheVstageVofVrecoveryVafterVaVdisease,Vinjury,VorVsurgicalVope
ration.
MULTIPLEVRESPONSE
1. YourVpatient’sVredVbloodVcellVisVslightlyVelevatedVtoday.VThisVmightVbeVexplainedVby
V(SelectVallVthatVapply.)
a. genderVdifference.
b. situationalVfactors.
c. normalVvariation.
d. culturalVvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:V A,VB,VC,VE
Gender,VsituationsV(e.g.,Valtitude),VnormalVvariations,VandVillnessVmayVallVdetermineVred
VbloodVcellVcount.VCultureVaffectsVhowVmanifestationsVareVperceivedV(normalVversusVa
bnormal).
